Arctic root, also known as Rhodiola rosea or golden root, is a perennial plant native to the cold regions of Europe and Asia, including the Arctic. 

It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems, particularly in Russia and Scandinavia, to enhance physical and mental performance, alleviate stress, and support overall well-being. 

Arctic root tincture is a concentrated liquid extract made from the roots of the plant, which is believed to contain beneficial compounds, such as rosavin, salidroside, and other phenolic compounds.

Some potential benefits, properties, and traditional uses of Arctic root tincture include:

1. Adaptogenic properties: Arctic root is considered an adaptogen, which means it can help the body adapt to stress and maintain homeostasis. It is believed to support adrenal gland function and balance stress hormone levels, such as cortisol.
2. Energy and stamina: Traditionally, Arctic root has been used to increase energy levels, combat fatigue, and enhance physical performance. It is thought to stimulate the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy source for cells.
3. Cognitive function: Arctic root has been used to improve cognitive performance, including memory, attention, and mental clarity. Some studies have suggested that it may have neuroprotective effects and support neurotransmitter function.
4. Mood support: Some evidence suggests that Arctic root may help alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety by influencing serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain.
5. Immune system support: Arctic root has been traditionally used to strengthen the immune system and improve resistance to infections.
6. Antioxidant properties: The phenolic compounds in Arctic root are thought to have antioxidant properties, which may help protect cells from oxidative damage and support overall health.
7. Cardiovascular health: Some research suggests that Arctic root may support cardiovascular health by improving blood flow and reducing inflammation.
8. Altitude sickness. Improving oxygen uptake: Arctic root may help increase the efficiency of oxygen transport in the body, which can be beneficial at high altitudes where oxygen levels are lower.

It is essential to note that while there is some scientific evidence supporting the benefits of Arctic root, more extensive research is needed to confirm these effects fully. 

As with any herbal supplement, it's important to consult a healthcare professional before using Arctic root tincture, especially if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Rhodiola Golden root

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

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plant name

Rhodiola rosea, Siberian rose stonecrop (Yakutia), Rhodiola , Golden root , golden root (English)

International Latin denomination

Rhodiola rosea L. or Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. ou Sedum rhodiola DC

• Other usable rhodioles: Rhodiola quadrifida (Mongolia), Rhodiola crenulata
  • Attention, these plants are threatened and any wild harvest should be avoided

botanical family

Crassulaceae

Description and habitat

• Mountain plant or cold northern areas of the Arctic and Asia. It is called “ Ginseng of the tundra ”
  • Rhodiola is found in Russia, Scandinavia, Quebec, Switzerland (at altitude)
• The name rhodiole comes from the Latin which borrowed it from the Greek rhodios , which refers to the smell of rose given by the root

History and tradition

• Quoted by Dioscorides in "De materia Medica"
• Under the name of golden root, rhodiola is consumed by natives to prevent fatigue and "lack of desire to work" (Ssaratikov, 1968), to increase physical endurance (Russia, Scandinavia, Iceland) and to prevent altitude sickness
• Used in infusion by the Yakuts (eastern Siberia) for its stimulating properties
• The Inuit of Alaska and Canada consumed, often in large quantities, its stems and fleshy leaves as a green vegetable.

Parts used

• Rhizome

Dosage forms available

• Hydro-alcoholic dry extract (Élusanes®)
• EPS
• Powder (Arkocaps®)
• Specialties

Usual dosages

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Phenylethanoids ( salidroside and tyrosol ), phenylpropanoids ( cinnamic alcohol and its derivatives: rosine and rosavin ), and rosavidin (a cinnamyl-0(6'-OL-arabinopyranosyl-glucopyranoside), rhodiooctanoside , rosiridine , rhodioline , viridoside [1]
• Essential oil , 8-sitosterone, daucosterol
• Monoterpenes , monoterpene alcohols and their glycosides, arylglycosides , an anthraglycoside
• Flavonoids and tannins (16-18%), proanthocyanidins and gallic acid derivatives
• Cinnamic alcohol , chlorogenic acid
• flavonolignanes

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

• Geraniol , myrtenol [2]

Properties

Plant properties

• Adaptogen [3] , [4] , [5] and antidepressant [6] , a randomized study showed a favorable effect on mild to moderate depression [7]
• Anti-fatigue effect [8]
  • A single administration of a mixture of roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus , berries of Schisandra chinensis and roots of Rhodiola rosea increases mental performance and physical work capacity, it produces, within 30 min after administration, an effect stimulant that persists for at least 4 to 6 hours [9]
  • Increases mental performance, concentration ability, decreases salivary cortisol response in patients with stress-related fatigue syndrome [10]
• Adaptogens activate the release of neuropeptide Y and HSP (Heat shock proteins), mainly the heat shock protein HSP70 [11] , [12] , [13]
• Improvement of per os and subcutaneous physical capacities, improvement of physical performance ( salidron ) and muscular resistance [14]
• Reduces oxidative stress induced by physical effort in rats [15] , increases muscle glycogen content [16] , activity on muscle strength and spontaneous locomotion in mice is close to that of ginseng and superior to that of echinacea
• Improved mental abilities in men with 10 mg of salidroside
• Improved memory, attention and learning, 50% improvement in testing errors on total alcohol extract
• Stimulates hippocampal cell proliferation, and increases brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) [17] , [18]
• Increases serotonin and dopamine levels by lowering COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase, which breaks down serotonin and dopamine) levels [19]
• Major and multi-target antidepressant activity on various receptors and neurotransmitters, objectified by a literature review [20] , by inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAOI effect A), potential activity on senile dementia by effect on monoamine oxidase B (MAOI effect B) [21]
• Anxiolytic [22]
• Neuroprotective ( rosin , salidroside ) [23] , Rhodiola rosea reduces intracerebral streptozotocin-induced cognitive impairment in rats [24]
• Mitigate the adverse effects of antidepressants
• Antidiabetic by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase [25] , hypoglycemic effect [26] and antihypoglycemic effect after the addition of insulin, protective effect of inflammation by external route of salidroside , inhibits mesangial proliferation induced by hyperglycemia [27 ]
• Anti-inflammatory [28]
• Immunostimulant, stimulates T cell proliferation [29] , increases phagocytosis [30] , stimulates granulocyte activity and increases lymphocyte response, increases cellular immunity [31]
• High doses seem to induce inhibitory effects [32]
• Rhodiola extract (alcohol 60°) would have an immunostimulant activity (carbon clearance test) as important as that of ginseng
• Antiviral, antigrippal (inhibition de la neuraminidase) [33]
• Anticancer, antiangiogenic properties [34]
• Improves the efficacy of cytostatics [35]
• Anti-aging [36] , [37]

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

Indications

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Asthenia, fatigue [38]
• Improved symptoms of anxiety, decreased signs of stress and depression [39]
• Depression [7] , [40] , [41]
• Resistance to stress [42] , [43]
• memory loss
• Improved athletic performance
• Search for an adaptogenic effect
• Used in fatigue associated with Lyme disease [44]
• Potential in Parkinson's disease [45] , [46]
• Rhodiola crenulata may improve sleep apnea [47]

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

Known or suspected mode of action

• Action on the level and activity of monoamines and opioid peptides such as beta-endorphins.

Usual formulations

Regulations

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• Avoid taking in the evening so as not to disturb sleep
• Contraindication in pregnancy [48] , [49]
• Caution with patients with bipolar disorder (manic depression) in whom the root could trigger episodes of mania-like psychic excitement. Source: Health passport [1]
• Pharmacodynamic interactions (theoretical):
  • Due to its hypoglycaemic effect, dosage adjustment may be necessary in patients receiving Natural Standard antidiabetics.
  • Change in blood pressure, dose adjustment may be required in patients receiving antihypertensives
  • Possible interaction with losartan [50]
  • Use with caution in patients using CNS depressants
  • Increased risk of bleeding, caution with aspirin, oral anticoagulants, heparin, clopidogrel, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Possible pharmacokinetic interactions with cytochromes P450, caution with drugs with a narrow therapeutic window:
  • Inhibition of CYP3A4 [51] and P-glycoprotein [52]
  • Possible interactions with paracetamol, acetazolamide, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, anxiolytics, sedatives, antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antidepressants, MAOIs and IRS, anti-inflammatories, antivirals, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, system stimulants central nervous, hypolipidemics, estrogens, immunomodulants, opiates, pentobarbital, theophylline

Bibliographic references

1. Go↑ H. Wiedenfeld, M. Dumaa, M. Malinowski, M. Furmanowa, S. Narantuya. Phytochemical and analytical studies of extracts from Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola quadrifida. Pharmazie, 2007, Volume: 62, Issue: 4, pp 308-311. PMID 17484290
2. Go↑ Evstatieva L, Todorova M, Antonova D, Staneva J. Chemical composition of the essential oils of Rhodiola rosea L. of three different origins. Pharmacogn Mag. 2010 Oct-Dec; 6(24): 256–258. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.71782 texte intégral
3. Go↑ Perfumi M, Mattioli L. Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice. Phytother Res. 2007 Jan;21(1):37-43. PMID 17072830
4. Go↑ Panossian A, Wikman G, Sarris J. Rosenroot (Rhodiola rosea): Traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy. Phytomedicine 17 (2010) 481–493. PMID 20378318
5. Go↑ Kelly Gregory S. Rhodiola rosea: a Possible Plant Adaptogen. Alternative Medicine Review. 2001. 6(3), 293-302. PMID 11410073
6. Go↑ Panossian A, Nikoyan N, Ohanyan N, Hovhannisyan A, Abrahamyan H, Gabrielyan E, Wikman G. Comparative study of Rhodiola preparations on behavioral despair of rats. Phytomedicine. 2008 Jan;15(1-2):84-91. PMID 18054474
7. ↑Go to :7,0 et 7,1 Darbinyan V, Aslanyan G, Amroyan E, GabrielyanE, Malmström C, Panossian A. Clinical Trial of Rhodiola Rosea L. Extract SHR-5 in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Depression. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007;61(5):343-8. doi: 10.1080/08039480701643290. PMID 17990195
8. Go↑ Panossian A, Wikman G. Evidence-based efficacy of adaptogens in fatigue, and molecular mechanisms related to their stress-protective activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Sep;4(3):198-219. PMID 19500070
9. Go↑ Panossian A, Wagner H. Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration. Phytother Res. 2005 Oct;19(10):819-38. PMID 16261511
10. Go↑ Olsson, E. M., von Schéele, B., & Panossian, A. G. (2009). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardised extract shr-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta medica, 75(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1088346
11. Go↑ Asea A, Kaur P, Panossian A, Wikman KG. Evaluation of molecular chaperons Hsp72 and neuropeptide Y as characteristic markers of adaptogenic activity of plant extracts. Phytomedicine. 2013 Nov 15;20(14):1323-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.001. PMID 23920279
12. Go↑ Panossian A, Wikman G, Kaur P, Asea A. Adaptogens exert a stress-protective effect by modulation of expression of molecular chaperones. Phytomedicine. 2009 Jun;16(6-7):617-22. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.12.003. PMID 19188053
13. Go↑ Panossian A, Wikman G, Kaur P, Asea A. Adaptogens stimulate neuropeptide y and hsp72 expression and release in neuroglia cells. Front Neurosci. 2012 Feb 1;6:6. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00006. eCollection 2012. PMID 22347152
14. Go↑ Abidov M, Crendal F, Grachev S, Seifulla R, Ziegenfuss T. Effect of extracts from Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola crenulata (Crassulaceae) roots on ATP content in mitochondria of skeletal muscles. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003 Dec;136(6):585-7. PMID 15500079
15. Go↑ Huang SC, Lee FT, Kuo TY, Yang JH, Chien CT. Attenuation of long-term Rhodiola rosea supplementation on exhaustive swimming-evoked oxidative stress in the rat. Chin J Physiol. 2009 Oct 31;52(5):316-24. PMID 20034236
16. Go↑ Lee FT, Kuo TY, Liou SY, Chien CT. Chronic Rhodiola rosea extract supplementation enforces exhaustive swimming tolerance. Am J Chin Med. 2009;37(3):557-72. PMID 19606515
17. Go↑ Qin YJ et al. Effects of Rhodiola rosea on level of 5-hydroxytryptamine, cell proliferation and differentiation, and number of neuron in cerebral hippocampus of rats with depression induced by chronic mild stress. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 33(23). 2842-6. 2008. PMID 19260327
18. Go↑ Chen QG, Zeng YS, Qu ZQ, Tang JY, Qin YJ, Chung P, Wong R, Hägg U. The effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on 5-HT level, cell proliferation and quantity of neurons at cerebral hippocampus of depressive rats. Phytomedicine. 2009 Sep;16(9):830-8. PMID 19403286
19. Go↑ Krajewska-Patan A., Dreger M., Lowicka A., Gorska-Paukszta M., Mscisz A., Mikolajczak P.L., Buchwald W., Furmanowa M., Mrozikiewicz P.M. Preliminary pharmacological investigations of biotransformed roseroot [Rhodiola rosea L.] callus tissue. Herba Polonica. 2008. 54 (3)
20. Go↑ Amsterdam JD, Panossian AG. Rhodiola rosea L. as a putative botanical antidepressant. Phytomedicine. 2016 Jun 15;23(7):770-83. PMID 27013349 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.02.009.
21. Go↑ van Diermen D, Marston A, Bravo J, Reist M, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K. Monoamine oxidase inhibition by Rhodiola rosea L. roots. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Mar 18;122(2):397-401. PMID 19168123
22. Go↑ Bystritsky A, Kerwin L, Feusner JD. A pilot study of Rhodiola rosea (Rhodax) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Mar;14(2):175-80. PMID 18307390
23. Go↑ Lee Y, Jung JC, Jang S, Kim J, Ali Z, Khan IA, Oh S. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Constituents Isolated from Rhodiola rosea. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:514049. doi: 10.1155/2013/514049. PMID 23690847; PMCID: PMC3652169.
24. Go↑ Ze-Qiang Qu, Yan Zhou, Yuan-Shan Zeng, Yan Li, Peter Chung. Pretreatment with Rhodiola Rosea Extract Reduces Cognitive Impairment Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin in Rats: Implication of Anti-oxidative and Neuroprotective Effects. Biomedical And Environmental Sciences 22, 318-326 (2009) texte intégral
25. Go↑ Kwon YI, Jang HD, Shetty K. Evaluation of Rhodiola crenulata and Rhodiola rosea for management of type II diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(3):425-32. PMID 16837437
26. Go↑ Niu C, Chen L, Niu H. Antihyperglycemic action of rhodiola-aqeous extract in type1-like diabetic rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:20 (13 January 2014) Abstract texte intégral
27. Go↑ Yin D, Yao W, Chen S, Hu R, Gao X. Salidroside, the Main Active Compound of Rhodiola Plants, Inhibits High Glucose-Induced Mesangial Cell Proliferation. Planta Med. 2009 May 14. PMID 19444770
28. Go↑ Pooja, Bawa AS, Khanum F. Anti-inflammatory effect of Rhodiola rosea-“a second-generation adaptogens”. Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1099-102. PMID 19152369
29. Go↑ Skopińska-Rózewska E, Sokolnicka I, Siwicki AK, Stankiewicz W, Dabrowski MP, Buchwald W, Krajewska-Patan A, Mielcarek S, Mścisz A, Furmanowa M. Dose-dependent in vivo effect of Rhodiola and Echinacea on the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in mice. Pol J Vet Sci. 2011;14(2):265-72. PMID 21721412
30. Go↑ Skopńska-Rózewska E, Wójcik R, Siwicki AK, Sommer E, Wasiutyński A, Furmanowa M, Malinowski M, Mazurkiewicz M. The effect of Rhodiola quadrifida extracts on cellular immunity in mice and rats. Pol J Vet Sci. 2008;11(2):105-11. PMID 18683538
31. Go↑ Wójcik R, Siwicki AK, Skopińska-Rózewska E, Wasiutyński A, Sommer E, Furmanowa M. The effect of Chinese medicinal herb Rhodiola kirilowii extracts on cellular immunity in mice and rats. Pol J Vet Sci. 2009;12(3):399-405. PMID 19886264
32. Go↑ Andrzej K. Siwicki, Ewa Skopińska-Różewska, Małgorzata Hartwich, Roman Wójcik, Tadeusz Bakuła, Mirosława Furmanowa, Barbara J. Bałan, Ewa Sommer, Sebastian Mielcarek, Waldemar Buchwald, Anna Krajewska-Patan, Alina Mścisz, Przemysław M. Mrozikiewicz, Janusz Bany. Experimental immunology. The influence of Rhodiola rosea extracts on non-specific and specific cellular immunity in pigs, rats and mice. Centr Eur J Immunol 2007; 32 (2): 84-91
33. Go↑ Jeong HJ, Ryu YB, Park SJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ, Kim JH, Park KH, Rho MC, Lee WS. Neuraminidase inhibitory activities of flavonols isolated from Rhodiola rosea roots and their in vitro anti-influenza viral activities. Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 Oct 1;17(19):6816-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.036. PMID 19729316
34. Go↑ Skopińska-Rózewska E, Malinowski M, Wasiutyński A, Sommer E, Furmanowa M, Mazurkiewicz M, Siwicki AK. The influence of Rhodiola quadrifida 50% hydro-alcoholic extract and salidroside on tumor-induced angiogenesis in mice. Pol J Vet Sci. 2008;11(2):97-104. PMID 18683537
35. Go↑ Agnieszka Majewska, Grażyna Hoser, Mirosława Furmanowa, Natalia Urbańska, Agnieszka Pietrosiuk, Alicja Zobel, Mieczysław Kuraś. Antiproliferative and antimitotic effect, S phase accumulation and induction of apoptosis and necrosis after treatment of extract from Rhodiola rosea rhizomes on HL-60 cells. [Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103 (2005) 43–52] et Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 104, Issue 3, 6 April 2006, Page 433
36. Go↑ Zhuang W, Yue L, Dang X, Chen F, Gong Y, Lin X, Luo Y. Rosenroot (Rhodiola): Potential Applications in Aging-related Diseases. Aging Dis. 2019 Feb 1;10(1):134-146. doi: 10.14336/AD.2018.0511. eCollection 2019 Feb. PMID 30705774
37. Go↑ Li Y, Pham V, Bui M, Song L, Wu C, Walia A, Uchio E, Smith-Liu F, Zi X. Rhodiola rosea L.: an herb with anti-stress, anti-aging, and immunostimulating properties for cancer chemoprevention. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2017 Dec;3(6):384-395. doi: 10.1007/s40495-017-0106-1. PMID 30393593
38. Go↑ Shevtsov VA, Zholus BI, Shervarly VI, Vol'skij VB, Korovin YP, Khristich MP, Roslyakova NA, Wikman G. A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. Phytomedicine. 2003 Mar;10(2-3):95-105. PMID 12725561 texte intégral
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43. Go↑ Spasov AA, Wikman GK, Mandrikov VB, Mironova IA, Neumoin VV. A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low-dose regimen. Phytomedicine. 2000 Apr;7(2):85-9. PMID 10839209
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50. Go↑ Spanakis M, Vizirianakis IS, Batzias G, Niopas I. Pharmacokinetic interaction between losartan and Rhodiola rosea in rabbits. Pharmacology. 2013;91(1-2):112-6. doi: 10.1159/000345929. PMID 23327826
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Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep tightly closed, away from the reach of Children and pets.

Do not exceed the daily dose.

This product is not intended to prevent or cure any form of illness or disease.
 

If you are pregnant or nursing ; If you have a medical condition or are in the course of medical treatment ; If you are programmed for theater/operation in the near future, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.

This product cannot replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

This product has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use.