Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a widely used spice and medicinal herb that has been valued for its numerous health benefits for centuries. 

A ginger tincture is a concentrated liquid extract made by soaking ginger root in alcohol to extract its active compounds. 

The tincture can then be consumed directly or mixed with other liquids, such as water or tea. 

Here are some properties and benefits of ginger tincture:

1. Anti-inflammatory properties: Ginger contains bioactive compounds like gingerols and shogaols that exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds may help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis or muscle pain.
2. Digestive aid: Ginger has been traditionally used to relieve gastrointestinal issues, including indigestion, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Its carminative and antispasmodic properties can help soothe the digestive system and reduce gas formation.
3. Nausea and motion sickness relief: Ginger tincture is known for its effectiveness in reducing nausea and vomiting caused by pregnancy, chemotherapy, surgery, or motion sickness.
4. Antioxidant properties: Ginger is rich in antioxidants that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases and supporting overall health.
5. Antimicrobial properties: The bioactive compounds in ginger have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, potentially helping fight off infections.
6. Pain relief: Some studies suggest that ginger may have analgesic properties, potentially reducing pain associated with conditions like migraines, menstrual cramps, and muscle soreness.
7. Blood sugar regulation: Preliminary research has indicated that ginger might help regulate blood sugar levels, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
8. Cardiovascular health: Ginger tincture may help improve cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation, lowering blood pressure, and inhibiting platelet aggregation, which can reduce the risk of blood clots.
9. Immune system support: Ginger's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties may help support the immune system by reducing inflammation and fighting off harmful pathogens.

It is essential to note that ginger tincture should be consumed in moderation and as part of a balanced diet. If you have any concerns or specific health issues, consult a healthcare professional before using ginger tincture as a remedy. Additionally, some people may experience side effects or allergic reactions to ginger, so it's important to start with a small dose to assess tolerance.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Ginger

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

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plant name

Ginger

International Latin denomination

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

botanical family

Zingiberaceae

Description and habitat

• Tall, reed-like, perennial tropical herb with linear lanceolate leaves, native to Asia
• Long stem with dense inflorescence, white or yellow flowers surrounded by bracts
• Rhizomatous strain bearing eyes that give rise to buds
• India (West), Benin
  • Ginger is found in all tropical areas

History and tradition

• Prized since ancient times
• It was thought in the Middle Ages that it came from the Garden of Eden
• Cultivated as a spice and condiment in all tropical countries, Jamaica, India, China, West Indies, Australia, etc.
• Part of the Fioravanti alcoholate
• Enters into the composition of certain beers (ginger-ale)
• The botanical name Zingiber comes from the Sanskrit word shringavera , which means “shaped like deer antlers”, referring to the shape of the young shoots emerging from its rhizome [1]

Parts used

• Rhizomes (which are shaped like a hand), essential oil

Dosage forms available

• Underground Part Tincture
• Rhizome powder
• Essential oil

Usual dosages

• Motion sickness: rhizome powder 750 mg before leaving on a trip
• Mild gastrointestinal disorders, spasms, bloating, flatulence: 180 mg three times daily [2]
• Need for quality control and standardization of ginger food supplements, with quantitative analysis of gingerols and shogaols [3]

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Essential oil (2.5 to 3%):
  • Sesquiterpenes and derivatives: ginger (30%), ar-curcumen (2-5%), beta-bisabolene (3-6%), gammabisabolene , alpha-farnesene (4-5%), ginger , beta-sesquiphellandrene (10%) )
  • Monoterpenes and derivatives: camphene , geranial , neral , linalool , citronellal
• Arylalkanes  : gingerols , shogaols ( vanilloids ), paradols , gingerenones A and B ( galanolactone in Chinese variety)
• Gingersulfonic acid , pipecolic acid , cinnamic acid , glycerols
• Starch (50%), sugars, lipids (3 to 8%)
• Vitamin A and vitamin B (niacin)

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

• Sesquiterpenes : ginger (30%), ar-curcumin (2-5%), beta-bisabolene (3-6%), gammabisabolene , alpha-farnesene (4-5%), ginger , beta-sesquiphellandrene (10%)
• Monoterpenes  : camphene , geranial , neral , linalool , citronellal , etc.
• Arylalkanes  : gingerols , shogaols , paradols , gingerenones A and B ( galanolactone in Chinese variety)
• Gingersulfonic acid , pipecolic acid , cinnamic acid , glycerols

Properties

Plant properties

• Stomachic, digestive, tonic, increases salivary flow and intestinal peristalsis [4] , anti-ulcer
• Anti-nausea, powerful anti-emetic [5] , [6] , [7] , superior to placebo and as effective as metoclopramide in postoperative nausea and vomiting [8] , or induced by chemotherapy [9] at the dose of 2 grams ( shogaols and gingerols ) action on D2 and 5HT3 receptors
• Gastric protector [10] , in vitro action on Helicobacter pylori [11]
• Hepatoprotector [12]
• Anti-inflammatory [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , presumably by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes ( gingerols and gingerenones ) [18]
• Especially muscular analgesic [19] , antirheumatic
• Antioxidant ( curcumin , gingerol ), contains shogaols and paradol , among the most powerful anti-free radicals
• Immunostimulant [20], [21]
• DNA Protection [22]
• Reputed to be an aphrodisiac, increases sperm count and motility [23]
• Antidiabetic [24] by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase [25]
• Hypolipidémiant [26], hypocholestérolémiant, anti-thrombotique
• Cardiac tonic ( gingerol ) [27] , [28] , antimigraine [29]
• Antiviral against respiratory syncytial virus RSV (fresh ginger) [30] , rhinoviruses ( sesquiterpenes ) [31] , avian influenza [32] , chikungunya virus [33]
  • In vitro antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus (HCV) [34]
  • Beta-sesquiphellandrene is antiviral (rhinovirus), antibacterial, antifungal
• Molluscicide, antischistozomiasis and bilharziasis by shogaols and gingerols
• Antimutagen ( gingerol and zingerone )
• Inhibits the growth and modulates the secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells, in hepatoma cells (HepG2) [35] . Ginger supplements have a particular interest in the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer ( 6-gingerol and especially 6-shogaol ) [36]
• Renal protection against cisplatin toxicity [37]
• Tonic and cholesterol-lowering properties
• Antibacterial action against Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus anthracis , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella tiphi , Escherichia coli [38] and Proteus mirabilis
• Antiviral activity against Herpes virus [39] , and influenza virus [40]
• The presence of ginger in a formulation improves its bioavailability [41]

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory [42] , [43] , [44] , topical anti-inflammatory [45]
• Antifungal [46]
• Immunostimulant, opposes immunosuppression [47]
• Digestive tonic, stomachic, slightly laxative, carminative, appetizer, anti-nausea [48]
• Anti-ulcer (synergy of a moiety containing alpha-zingiberene , beta-sesquiphellandrene , bisabolene , and curcumene ) [49]
• Sexual tonic, aphrodisiac
• A sedative without anxiolytic activity, high doses of ginger essential oil in mice induce behavioral and memory alterations due to antagonistic activity on the central muscarinic cholinergic system [50]
• Antispasmodique, antitussive et expectorante

Indications

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Gastritis, dyspepsia, lack of appetite, motion sickness
• Nausea from chemotherapy [51] , [52]
• Nausea of ​​pregnancy [53] , [54] , [55]
• stomach ulcers
• Metabolic syndrome [56]
• Obesity [57]
• Migraines, chronic rheumatic pains
• Dysmenorrhea [58]
• Ovarian cancer

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

• Aerophagia, flatulence, meteorism, constipation, nausea, anorexia, inappetence
  • The essential oil appears to be effective in post-operative nausea [59] , but the evidence for the efficacy of inhalation of ginger EO in nausea due to chemotherapy is not sufficiently convincing [60] , [ 61]
• Arthritis, osteoarthritis, local rheumatism (knees) [62] , muscle fatigue, low back pain (in massage) [63] , muscle and joint pain
• Cerebral asthenia and lack of sensitivity
• Alopecia, male impotence, frigidity
• Cough, bronchitis, sinusitis, chronic catarrh

Known or suspected mode of action

• Inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

Usual formulations

Regulations

• French Pharmacopoeia list A (rhizome)

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• The official recommendations are to avoid it in pregnant women (very often used nevertheless in the nausea of ​​pregnancy)
  • According to the EMA, there appears to be no malformative or foeto/neonatal toxicity of ginger root, animal studies are insufficient with respect to reproductive toxicity, so as a precautionary measure it is best to avoid use during pregnancy and lactation [2]
• Non-toxic, non-mutagenic, safe in pregnancy according to Iranian studies [64]
• Avoid in case of cholelithiasis
• Recommended in case of adverse effects of conventional anti-nausea [65]
• Pharmacokinetic interactions:
  • Moderate induction of CYP 3A4, 2C19, 2D6, 1A2, and P-gP
  • Few drug interactions [66]
• Pharmacodynamic interactions:
  • Potential interactions with anticoagulants (risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet aggregation) [67] , [68]
  • Inhibition of platelet aggregation by inhibition of thromboxane synthase ( in vitro ) [69]
    • Nevertheless, ginger did not exert an antithrombotic effect on humans in vivo during a study where 18 healthy subjects consumed 15 g of raw ginger root, 40 g of cooked ginger or a placebo daily for three times two weeks [70]
    • On the other hand, in another study, ginger acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, but only in subjects who consumed 100 g of butter for 7 days [71].
  • Risk of interactions with warfarin [72]
  • Inhibition of the effect of ranitidine due to mucoadhesive properties of Curcuma longa and curcumin extracts [73]
• Essential oil :
  • Possible allergic-type sensitization
  • Skin irritation (dermocaustic) possible from pure essential oil
• Ginger is used in the composition of Soshiho-tang, a preparation of traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine plants with good tolerance (with Bupleurum falcatum , Pinellia ternate , Scutellaria baicalensis , Zizyphus jujuba , Panax ginseng , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Zingiber officinale ) [74 ]

Bibliographic references

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2. ↑Go to :2,0 et 2,1 Community herbal monograph on Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) 27 March 2012. EMA/HMPC/749154/2010 texte intégral
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