May help with

• Packed With Antioxidants.
• May Help Lower Blood Pressure.
• May Help Lower Blood Fat Levels.
• May Boost Liver Health.
• Could Promote Weight Loss.
• Could Help Fight Bacteria.
• Flavourful and Easy to Make.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Karkade

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

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plant name

Karkadé, Hibiscus , Rose tea , Empire tea , Guinea sorrel , Guinea red sorrel , bissap (vernacular name)

International Latin denomination

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. ruber

botanical family

Malvaceae

Description and habitat

• Subshrub with large isolated leaves, long petiolate and lobed
• Flowers with calyx with 5 linear petals and very divided calyx, which becomes red and fleshy, surrounds the ovary and persists while the petals disappear after desiccation

History and tradition

• Originally from Angola, cultivated worldwide in tropical regions (Sudan, Egypt, Thailand, Mexico, China)
• The K'iché Maya of Guatemala use it to cure measles.
• Used as an antibacterial in traditional African medicine

Parts used

• Flower: calyx and calycle dry

Dosage forms available

• Tisane

Usual dosages

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Organic acids (15-30%): citric acid , malic acid , tartaric acid , oxalic acid , allohydroxycitric acid lactone (drug specific), ascorbic acid (vit. C)
• Anthocyanosides (1.5%): delphinidol-3-sambubioside , delphinidol-3-glucoside , delphinidin , cyanidol-3-sambubioside (giving a wine-red color to the infusion)
• Flavonoids : gossypetin  3-glucoside (= 3,5,7,8,3,'4'-hexahydroxy flavone )
• Polysaccharides , mucilages , pectins
• Phytosterols

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

Properties

Plant properties

• Refreshing drink, mild laxative in large quantities
• Antibacterial by gossypetin [1] , [2] , in the traditional medicine of Mali it is associated in the treatment of cystitis [3]
• Anti-inflammatory [4] and analgesic [5]
• Smooth muscle antispasmodic (rabbit aorta, rat uterus, guinea pig trachea, rat diaphragm) [6] , uterine muscle relaxant
• Diuretic, natriuretic, potassium-sparing by modulation of aldosterone activity [7] and presumably by release of nitric oxide, leading to relaxation of the renal vascular endothelium and improved renal filtration [8]
• Hypotensive by inhibition effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (IEC) by flavones and anthocyanins [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [ 15] , [16]
• Cholesterol lowering (especially leaf) [17] , [18]
• Cholagogue, anthelmintic
• Antiphlogistic and anti-edematous for external use ( mucilages )
• The leaves of Hibiscus cannabins protect the liver against hepatotoxic (aqueous extract)

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

Directions

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Weeping eczema
• allergies
• Colds, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
• Colibacillosis, urinary tract infections, renal failure
• High blood pressure
• Metabolic syndrome: morning and evening herbal tea for 21 days induces decreased weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, improved lipid profile, increased nitric oxide concentrations and decreased cortisol in women elderly [19]

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

Known or suspected mode of action

• Fruit acids are responsible for the pleasant tart flavor
• The mild laxative effect is also due to poorly absorbable acids
• Modulation of aldosterone activity, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), renal nitric oxide release

Usual formulations

Regulations

• French Pharmacopoeia list A (calyx and calyx)

Possible side effects and precautions for use

Bibliographic references

1. Aller↑ Mounnissamy VM, Kavimani S, Gunasegaran R. Antibacterial activity of gossypetin isolated from hibiscus sabdariffa. The Antiseptic. 2002 Mar; 99(3): 81-2
2. Aller↑ Kristen L. Higginbotham, Kellie P. Burris, Svetlana Zivanovic, P. Michael Davidson, C. Neal Stewart, Jr. Antimicrobial Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous Extracts against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in a Microbiological Medium and Milk of Various Fat Concentrations. Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 77, No. 2, 2014, Pages 262–268 doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-313 full text
3. Aller↑ Sanogo Rokia, Diallo Drissa, Diarra Seydou, Ekoumou Colette, Bougoudogo Flabou. Antibacterial and analgesic activity of two traditional recipes used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and cystitis in Mali. Mali Medical 2006, T XXI, No. 1 [1]
4. Aller↑ Kao ES, Hsu JD, Wang CJ, Yang SH, Cheng SY, Lee HJ. Polyphenols extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by improving antioxidative conditions and regulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2009 Feb;73(2):385-90. Epub 2009 Feb 7. PMID 19202285
5. Aller↑ Akkol EK, Yeşilada E, Güvenç A. Valuation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Erica species native to Turkey. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Mar 5;116(2):251-7. PMID 18164152
6. Aller↑ Ali MB, Salih WM, Mohamed AH, Homeida AM. Investigation of the antispasmodic potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Feb;31(2):249-57. PMID 2023432
7. Aller↑ Jiménez-Ferrer E, Alarcón-Alonso J, Aguilar-Rojas A, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer CI, Tortoriello J, Herrera-Ruiz M. Diuretic effect of compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa by modulation of the aldosterone activity. PlantaMed. 2012 Dec;78(18):1893-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1327864. PMID 23150077
8. Aller↑ Alarcón-Alonso J, Zamilpa A, Aguilar FA, Herrera-Ruiz M, Tortoriello J, Jimenez-Ferrer E. Pharmacological characterization of the diuretic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn (Malvaceae) extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;139(3):751-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.005. PMID 22178178
9. Aller↑ Ojeda D, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Zamilpa A, Herrera-Arellano A, Tortoriello J, Alvarez L. Inhibition of angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) activity by the anthocyanins delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Jan 8;127(1):7-10. PMID 19808084
10. Aller↑ Deyanira Ojeda, Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer, Alejandro Zamilpa, Armando Herrera-Arellano, Jaime Tortoriello, Laura Alvarez. Inhibition of angiotensin convertin enzyme (ACE) activity by the anthocyanins delphinidin- and cyanidin-3-O-sambubiosides from Hibiscus sabdariffa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 127 (2010) 7–10 [2]
11. Aller↑ Jonadet M, Bastide J, Bastide P, Boyer B, Carnat AP, Lamaison JL. In vitro enzyme inhibitory and in vivo cardioprotective activities of hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). J Pharm Belgium. 1990 Mar-Apr;45(2):120-4. PMID 2355305
12. Aller↑ Seck, SM, Diop, AE, Ka, FE, Doupa, D., Diouf, B., & Gueye, L. (2016, May). Antihypertensive efficacy of Combretum micranthum and Hibiscus sabdariffa: a randomized controlled trial versus ramipril. In NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION (Vol. 31, pp. 120-120). GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND: OXFORD UNIV PRESS.
13. Aller↑ Seck SM, Doupa D, Dia DG, Diop EA, Ardiet DL, Nogueira RC, Graz B, Diouf B. Clinical efficacy of African traditional medicines in hypertension: A randomized controlled trial with Combretum micranthum and Hibiscus sabdariffa. J Hum Hypertens. 2017 Dec;32(1):75-81. doi: 10.1038/s41371-017-0001-6. PMID 29311704
14. Aller↑ Serban C, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Andrica F, Banach M. Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens. 2015 Jun;33(6):1119-27. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000585. PMID 25875025
15. Aller↑ Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Jalali-Khanabadi BA, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Fatehi F, Noori-Shadkam M. The effects of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on hypertension in patients with type II diabetes. J Hum Hypertens. 2009;23:48–54.
16. Aller↑ McKay DL, Chen CY, Saltzman E, Blumberg JB. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea (tisane) lowers blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults. J Nutr. 2010 Feb;140(2):298-303. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.115097. PMID 20018807
17. Aller↑ Kuriyan R, Kumar DR, RR, Kurpad AV. An evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of an extract of Hibiscus Sabdariffa leaves in hyperlipidemic Indians: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010, 10:27 (17 June 2010) [3]
18. Aller↑ el-Saadany SS, Sitohy MZ, Labib SM, el-Massry RA. Biochemical dynamics and hypocholesterolemic action of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Karkade). Nahrung. 1991;35(6):567-76. PMID 1787844
19. Aller↑ YUSNI, Yusni and MEUTIA, Firdalena. Action Mechanism of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Used to Treat Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Women. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, vol. 2020. full text

• Wichtl Max, Anton Robert. Therapeutic plants: Tradition, officinal practice, science and therapy. Ed. Tec & Doc. Cachan. 1999. p. 268
• Boulard Bernard. Medicinal plants of the world. Ed. ESTEM. 2001. p. 268

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep tightly closed, away from the reach of Children and pets.

Do not exceed the daily dose.

This product is not intended to prevent or cure any form of illness or disease.
 

If you are pregnant or nursing ; If you have a medical condition or are in the course of medical treatment ; If you are programmed for theater/operation in the near future, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.

This product cannot replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

This product has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use.

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