May help with

• digestion
• antispasmodic
• gasto protective
• anti bacterial
• antiseptic
• anti mycotic
• regulation of intestinal flora
• expectorant
• neuroprotective

Cardamom comes from the seeds of several different plants that belong to the same family as ginger.

It has a distinctive flavour that complements both sweet and savoury dishes. People may use cardamom seeds and pods in curries, desserts, and meat dishes, as well as in beverages, such as coffee and chai tea.

The pods that encase cardamom seeds have little flavour on their own, but they are a handy way to keep the seeds contained. 

Crushing the pod slightly helps expose the aromatic seeds inside. The pods may be removed from the dish before serving, or you can just eat around them.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Cardamon

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

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plant name

Cardamom, Malabar cardamom , green cardamom

International Latin denomination

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton var. minuscula Burkill, Alpinia cardamomum Roxb., Amomum cardamomum L. non Roxb.

• Amomum subulatum Roxburgh is the black cardamom

botanical family

Zingiberaceae

Description and habitat

• Rhizomatous perennial plant, with white flowers with a delicate aroma and lance-shaped leaves up to 75 cm in length and 5 cm in width, 2-3 m in height
• The fruit is an elongated capsule of green color containing about ten seeds.

History and tradition

• It is one of the oldest spices
• Native to the west coast of India (Malabar Coast), in the “mountain of the cardamoms”, from 750 to 1500 m above sea level, with an annual rainfall rate of more than 2500 mm
• Used in Antiquity to make perfumes (Egypt)
• Chinese medicine panacea
• It has an intense aromatic power (one seed spices up one kilogram of food)
• Ingredient of betel quid
• Other “cardamoms”: Ceylon cardamom ( Elettaria major ), Bengal cardamom ( Amomum aromaticum ), Siamese or round cardamom ( Amomum compactum ), Chinese cardamom or bitter cardamom ( Amomum globosum )

Parts used

• Seeds
• fruit essential oil

Dosage forms available

• Essential oil
• cardamom fruit

Usual dosages

• 1.5 grams of drug
• 1 to 2 grams of tincture
• 1 drop of essential oil twice a day (40 mg)

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Essential oil 3 to 7.5% in the fruits, 4 to 10% in the seeds (120 constituents identified)
• Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives
• Malabaricones in mace ( diarylnonadoid )
• Lignans and neolignans, triterpenes , triterpene saponosides
• Starch: 20 to 45%
• Lipids

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

• Esters  : alpha-terpinyl acetate 28-50%, 4-terpinyl acetate and linalyl acetate 1.6-7.7%
• 1,8 cinéole (eucalyptol) 2-44 %
• Sesquiterpénol : nérolidol 1-2 %
• Monoterpenols  : linalol , borneol , terpinene-4-ol , alpha-terpinéol
• Citrals : géranial (citral a) & néral (citral b) 0,5 à 1 %
• Terpenes  : 2-14% limonene , 3-5% sabinene , beta-phellandrene , myrcene , alpha-pinene , camphor , humulene , carvone , beta-caryophyllene , menthone
  • High variability of EOs [1]

Properties

Plant properties

• Increases gastric and biliary secretions, gastro-protective (comparable to ranitidine) [2] , anti-gastric ulcer [3]
• Powerful antispasmodic by activity on muscarinic receptors, anti-inflammatory, analgesic [4]
• Stomachique, carminatif, stimulant
• Intestinal antiseptic, anti-mycotic
  • Black cardamom is antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , more effective than erythomycin on the latter two [5] , green cardamom is antibacterial against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Mycobacterium smegmatis , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Salmonella typhimurium , Enterococcus faecalis , Micrococcus luteus ,Shigella flexneri , and antifungal against Candida albicans
• Regulator of digestion and intestinal flora, promotes the development of saprophytic flora to allow the development of a “bacterial shield”
• Immunomodulant [6]

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

• Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic by blocking muscarinic receptors [7]
• Anti-microbial [8] , [9] , on resistant bacteria ( Escherichia coli producing β-lactamases, and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, especially when encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles [10] , inhibition of bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus [11] , quorum sensing inhibition in Candida albicans , Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , Listeria monocytogenes , Bacillus cereus , Salmonella typhimurium [12]
• Antifungal ( Aspergillus flavus ) [13]
• Increases bile secretion and gastric secretions
• Expectorante
• Chemoprotection against certain skin cancers [14]
• Neuroprotectrice [15]

Indications

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Gastralgia and gastritis, stomach ulcer
• Indigestion, flatulence, aerogastria
• Functional colopathy, colic, diarrhea
• Digestive spasms
• Crohn's disease
• Nervous breakdown

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

• Intestinal dysmicrobism, digestive spasms, colopathies, digestive candidiasis
• Nausea [16]

Known or suspected mode of action

• Metabolization of phenylpropane derivatives would produce amphetamine or mescaline -like compounds

Usual formulations

• intestinal flora regulation formula:
  • EO Basil Ocimum basilicum (flowering aerial part) 0.5 gram
  • HE Cardamome Elettaria cardamomum (seed) 0.5 grams
  • Guar gum 2.8 grams + H2 O qs 250 ml (if necessary reduce the dosage of gum during preparation, so as to obtain a syrupy consistency)

Take a teaspoonful twice a day after lunch and dinner, in 3/4 glass of lukewarm water. Mix well before absorption. By discontinuous cures, for 20 days then 10 to 20 days per month. [17]

Regulations

• French Pharmacopoeia list A (fruit)

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• Toxic at a dose of 5 grams of walnut powder: thirst, nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, vomiting, sweating, stomach and headache, hypothermia, tachycardia, insomnia then deep sleep, delirium, hallucinations, collapse
• The essential oil is mutagenic [18]
• Avoid the use of essential oil in pregnant women and children
• Myocardial toxicity, CPK elevation

Bibliographic references

1. Go↑ Bernhard, R. A., Wijesekera, R. O. B., & Chichester, C. O. (1971). Terpenoids of cardamom oil and their comparative distribution among varieties. Phytochemistry, 10(1), 177-184.
2. Go↑ A. Jamal, Kalim Javed, M. Aslam, M.A. Jafri. Gastroprotective effect of cardamom, Elettaria cardamomum Maton. fruits in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 103, Issue 2, 16 January 2006, Pages 149-153. PMID 16298093
3. Go↑ Jamal, Anwar & Siddiqui, Aisha & Aslam, Mohd & Javed, Kaleem & Jafri, Mustahsan & Scholar, M. (2005). Antiulcerogenic activity of Elettaria cardamomum Maton. and Amomum subulatum Roxb. seeds. Indian J. Traditional Knowl. 4(3)
4. Go↑ al-Zuhair H, el-Sayeh B, Ameen HA, al-Shoora H. Pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. Pharmacol Res. 1996 Jul-Aug;34(1-2):79-82. PMID 8981560
5. Go↑ Delivery Özge Yörüsün, Nilüfer Acar Tek, Gamze Akbulut, Osman Bozkurt. Cardamom as a functional food: antimicrobial effect. International congress on medicinal and aromatic plants « Natural and Healthy life », 2017. Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1351
6. Go↑ Majdalawieh AF, Carr RI. In vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). J Med Food. 2010 Apr;13(2):371-81. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2009.1131. PMID 20210607
7. Go↑ al-Zuhair H, el-Sayeh B, Ameen HA, al-Shoora H. Pharmacological studies of cardamom oil in animals. Pharmacol Res. 1996 Jul-Aug;34(1-2):79-82. PMID 8981560
8. Go↑ Jazila El Malti, Mountassif Driss, Amarouch Hamid. Antimicrobial activity of Elettaria cardamomum : Toxicity, biochemical and histological studies. Food chemistry, 2007, vol. 104, no4, pp. 1560-1568 [1]
9. Go↑ Isao Kubo, Masaki Himejima, Hisae Muroi. Antimicrobial activity of flavor components of cardamom Elettaria cardamomum (Zingiberaceae) seed. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1991, 39 (11), pp 1984–1986
10. Go↑ Jamil, B., Abbasi, R., Abbasi, S., Imran, M., Khan, S. U., Ihsan, A., Javed, S., Bokhari, H., & Imran, M. (2016). Encapsulation of Cardamom Essential Oil in Chitosan Nano-composites: In-vitro Efficacy on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens and Cytotoxicity Studies. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 1580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01580 PMID 27757108
11. Go↑ Cui, H., Zhang, C., Li, C., & Lin, L. (2020). Inhibition mechanism of cardamom essential oil on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. LWT, 122, 109057.
12. Go↑ Abdullah, Asghar, A., Butt, M.S. et al. Evaluating the antimicrobial potential of green cardamom essential oil focusing on quorum sensing inhibition of Chromobacterium violaceum . J Food Sci Technol 54, 2306–2315 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-017-2668-7
13. Go↑ Kapoor, I. P. S., Singh, B., Singh, G., Isidorov, V., & Szczepaniak, L. (2008). Chemistry, antifungal and antioxidant activities of cardamom (Amomum subulatum) essential oil and oleoresins. International Journal of Essential Oil Therapeutics, 2(1), 29-40.
14. Go↑ Qiblawi S, Al-Hazimi A, Al-Mogbel M, Hossain A, Bagchi D. Chemopreventive effects of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.) on chemically induced skin carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice. J Med Food. 2012 Jun;15(6):576-80. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0266. PMID 22404574
15. Go↑ Auti, S. T., & Kulkarni, Y. A. (2019). Neuroprotective effect of cardamom oil against aluminum induced neurotoxicity in rats. Frontiers in neurology, 10, 399. PMID 31114535
16. Go↑ Jane Buckle. Clinical Aromatherapy (Third Edition) - Essential Oils in Healthcare, 2015
17. Go↑ Jean-Michel Morel. Practical treatise on phytotherapy. 618 pages. Ed. Grancher, 2008.
18. Go↑ S. Balaji, B. Chempakam. Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Prediction of Compounds from Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom Maton). Ethnobotanical Leaflets 12: 682-689, 2008. texte intégral

• Korikanthimath VS, Prasath D, Govardhana R. Medicinal properties of cardamom elettaria cardamomum. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 2001, 22&23, 683-685 [2]
• Korikanthimath VS, Mulge R, Zachariah TJ. Variation in the yield and quality characters of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) clones. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 1997, 19, 1024-1027.
• Bruno Marongiu, Alessandra Piras, Silvia Porcedda. Comparative Analysis of the Oil and Supercritical CO2 Extract of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52 (20), pp 6278–6282

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep tightly closed, away from the reach of Children and pets.

Do not exceed the daily dose.

This product is not intended to prevent or cure any form of illness or disease.
 

If you are pregnant or nursing ; If you have a medical condition or are in the course of medical treatment ; If you are programmed for theater/operation in the near future, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.

This product cannot replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

This product has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use.

For More Information please check our General Safety Herbal products Page