Lavender Flower Blue Dried Tisane

Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), known for its beautiful purple-blue flowers and calming scent, is a popular ingredient in herbal teas (tisanes).

Traditional Uses

• Stress and Anxiety Relief: Lavender is renowned for its ability to reduce anxiety, promote relaxation, and improve mood. The aroma and compounds in lavender are believed to interact with the nervous system, leading to a sense of calm.

   

  Lavender tea for stress and anxiety relief

• Sleep Support: Its calming properties make lavender tea an excellent natural sleep aid. It can help quiet the mind and prepare the body for rest.
• Tension Headaches: Lavender may provide relief from tension headaches due to its relaxing and potential pain-relieving effects.
• Digestion: Lavender tea has been traditionally used to support digestion and soothe minor stomach upsets.
• Skin Care: Lavender's antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties can be beneficial for topical use on minor skin irritations. However, drinking lavender tea shouldn't be considered a primary treatment for skin conditions.

How to Prepare Lavender Flower Blue Dried Tisane

1. Dosage: Use about 1-2 teaspoons of dried lavender flowers per cup of hot water.
2. Steeping: Steep in hot water (just below boiling) for 5-10 minutes. Longer steeping times can result in a stronger, slightly more bitter flavor.
3. Straining: Strain the tisane to remove the flowers.
4. Optional Additions: Lavender tea pairs well with a touch of honey or lemon for added flavor.

Important Considerations

• Quality: Choose culinary-grade dried lavender buds to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience.
• Moderation: Although generally considered safe, lavender tea is best consumed in moderation.
• Allergic Reactions: Though rare, some people may be allergic to lavender. Discontinue use if you experience any adverse reactions.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Lavande_vraie

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

Translation in English by Google Translate  (go to the page of the source linked | on Chrome cellphones go on the 3 dots on the top right and select translate in your preferred language | on laptop right click your mouse and select option translate when hoovering on the page

plant name

True lavender, Fine lavender , Lavender officinalis , Wardrobe

International Latin denomination

Lavandula vera DC is true wild lavender, Lavandula angustifolia Miller = Lavandula officinalis Chaix is ​​cultivated lavender [1]

botanical family

Lamiaceae

Description and habitat

• Perennial sub-shrub of Mediterranean regions
• Twigs erect, unbranched, leaves narrow, lanceolate, opposite
• Flowers located on a long peduncle in dense whorls, forming a false spike, with a very pleasant smell
• True lavender predominates in the "Banon-Sault-Sédéron" area, but it is grown in the valleys of Drôme and Verdon, Vercors, Lubéron, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Baronnies, Hautes- Alps, it grows up to 2000 m altitude in the Alpes de Haute-Provence
• Its essential oil has had an AOC (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) since 1981, like the great wines.
  • The best fine lavender is from the wild population: all the plants are different, to be differentiated from the so-called clonal lavenders, resulting from the selection of all identical clones, more resistant and with better yield, which are reproduced by cuttings
• Flower stalks shorter than those of aspic lavender or wild lavender ( Lavandula latifolia ) which has wider and more pubescent leaves
• Lavandin ( Lavandula hybrida = Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel) results from hybridizations between the two species Lavandula vera and Lavandula latifolia , its aromatic profile is closer to that of true lavender, but with 6-8% camphor
• There are four kinds of Lavandin in Provence, Super, Grosso, Sumian, and Abrial. Lavandin finds its favorite ground on the plateau of Valensole in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence where its cultivation is intensive.

History and tradition

• The nickname wardrobe is explained by the use of placing sachets of flowers in the cupboards, to keep insects away and to perfume the linen.
• The creator of the term "Aromatherapy", René-Maurice Gattefossé, cured himself of an infection that was beginning to gangrene, due to a burn in his laboratory, thanks to repeated applications of essential oil of fine lavender impregnating a tulle fat

Parts used

• Flowers and flowering tops
• flower essential oil

Dosage forms available

• Mother tincture of Lavandula vera flowering tops
• flower essential oil
• Flowering tops herbal teas

Usual dosages

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Essential oil (1-3%, min. 0.8%) containing mainly monoterpenes
• Tannins (5 - 10%)
• Coumarin derivatives
• Flavonoids
• Derivatives of rosmarinic acid
• Triterpenes
• Phytosterols

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

• Esters  : linalyl acetate (30 - 55%), terpenyl acetate , lavandulyl acetate > 0.2%
• Monoterpene alcohols  : linalool (20 - 35%), terpinene-1-ol-4 (= terpinene-4-ol ), lavandulol
• Monoterpenes  : cis-beta-ocimene , trans-beta-ocimene , limonene
• 1,8-cineole , camphor
• Sesquiterpenes ( caryophyllene epoxide )
• Coumarin , herniarin [2]

Properties

Plant properties

• Mild sedative, febrifuge, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect ( polyphenolic fraction and essential oil ) [3]
• Choleretic like many Labiatae (or Lamiaceae ), spasmolytic (tested on guinea pig ileum) by post-synaptic action mediated by cyclic-AMP
• Carminative, stomachic, diuretic
• Anxiolytic, linalool would be the main component involved in the activity [4]
  • Linalool is analgesic (action on muscarinic, opioid and dopaminergic receptors), anti-inflammatory (inhibits edema induced by carrageenan), spasmolytic (by post-synaptic action mediated by cyclic-AMP), inhibits the release of acetylcholine and reduces the opening time of the ion channels of the neuromuscular junction (blocking of Na+ and/or Ca ++ channels), antioxidant (inhibits lipid peroxidation), sedative even when inhaled [5] [6 ] , hypnotic, anti-convulsant (by action on glutamate transport), hypothermic, local anesthetic
• The aqueous extract protects neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity [7]
• Antimutagen
• Anti-bacterial, antifungal [8]
• The active ingredients are said to be linalool , linalyl acetate , terpinene-1-ol and terpinene-4-ol
• The essential oil is one of the jewels of modern aromatherapy, with excellent safety, tolerance, reliability
• The extensive number of indications treated by this essential oil places it as a panacea (“aromatic polychrest”)

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

• Antibacterial, effective on resistant staphylococci (especially in mixtures with other chemotypes) [9]
  • The anti-infectious activity results from a synergy between linalool , 1,8-cineole and terpene hydrocarbons [10]
  • Lavender essential oil inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by increasing the expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) [11] (reduction of intestinal hyperpermeability?)
  • Antibacterial against pathogenic flora while respecting resident flora (microbiota) [12]
• Antifungal (dermatophytes), especially in synergy with tea tree EO [13]
• Insecticide, anti-lice
• Antispasmodic, by a postsynaptic mechanism of action and not atropine-like [14] , myorelaxant
• Marked anxiolytic effect (200 µl of true lavender EO in low-intensity anxiety [15] or 80 mg of EO , 1 to 2 times a day) [16] , [17] , [18] , inhibition of GABA-induced currents [19] , sedative and anxiolytic even by inhalation [20] , [21] , relaxing effect by inhalation, leads to a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, indicating a decrease in vegetative awakening activity [22] , prevention of falls in the elderly [23]
  • Significant, dose-dependent anxiolytic activity, comparable to that of lorazepam, increases pentobarbital-induced sleep time, without any significant effect on locomotor activity [24] , anxiolytic activity involves serotonergic transmission [25]
  • Improved sleep quality ( per os ) [26]
  • Induction of sleep by inhalation of lavender essential oil [27]
  • Induction of sleep by massage based on essential oil of lavender, even in severe burn victims [28]
  • The linalool - linalyl acetate synergy is essential for anxiolytic activity [29]
• Favorable effect of massage on the psychological and immunological level, increases the rate of CD8 lymphocytes [30]
  • Lavender EO could contribute to the modulation of the immune and neuroendocrine system by acting on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan metabolism [31]
• Reduction of stress, by neuro-vegetative regulation [32] , by reduction of circulating cortisol [33] , inhibits the release of ACTH, adrenaline and gonadotropins in rats [34]
• Calming, anticonvulsant [35] , [36] , interferes with glutamatergic transmission [37] , hypnotic, increases barbiturate narcosis in animals, hypothermic
• Analgesic, anti-inflammatory [38] ( linalool and linalyl acetate ) [39] , low toxicity
  • The antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects of (−)- linalool derive from its ability to stimulate the opioid, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems [37] [3]
• Antihypertensive by sympatholytic effect [40]
• Mixed effect on the neuro-vegetative system for Lapraz & Duraffourd [41] , parasympatholytic (anticholinergic by inhibition of cholinesterase) and sympatholytic (hypotensive)
• Anti-allergic, inhibits mast cell degranulation [42]
• Healing, regenerating skin
• Local anesthetic [43]
• Dose-dependent estrogen-like effect (cancelled by a specific anti-estrogen) and anti-androgen [4]
• Attention in prolonged use to gynecomastia effects in young boys [44] , [45]

Directions

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Nervousness, fatigue, sleep disturbances
• Anxiety during menopause, a high-quality clinical study shows a significant reduction in anxiety in postmenopausal women by the administration, twice daily, of capsules containing 500 mg of bitter orange blossom powder and lavender [46]
• External wound treatment (rubbing alcohol)

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

• Various infections, intestinal dysbiosis
• Pains and painful conditions
• Muscle cramps, contractures and spasms
• Anxiety: various meta-analyses conclude that the oral administration of lavender essential oil is effective in the treatment of anxiety [47] , with a lower level of evidence of effectiveness when administered by massage, in the case of inhalation, the studies are insufficient to conclude [48]
• Usable in massage with an anxiolytic effect [49]
• Stress, depression, agitation, insomnia [50] , [51] , [52] , [53]
• Inhaling lavender EO for 4 weeks can prevent postpartum stress, anxiety and depression [54]
• Inhaling lavender essential oil decreases anxiety before breast surgery [55]
• Inhalation of lavender and Roman chamomile essential oils reduces levels of stress, anxiety, and depression in older people living in institutions [56]
• A meta-analysis shows that inhaling lavender essential oil as a single unit is effective in improving insomnia [57]
• Inhalation of lavender and peppermint essential oils may improve sleep quality in cancer patients (randomised study) [58]
• Restless Legs Syndrome [59] , Foot massage with essential oils of Lavandula vera and Citrus aurantium improves sleep quality and restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients [60]
• The aromatic massage of the legs with essential oils of Lavandula vera and Citrus aurantium significantly improves the quality of life of hemodialysis patients [61]
• Usable in massage in dysmenorrhea [62] , and in massages with a mixture of essential oils of lavender ( Lavandula officinalis ) 2 drops, of clary sage ( Salvia sclarea ) 1 drop, of rose ( Rosa centifolia ) 1 drop in 5 cc of almond oil [ 63 ] , or in a mixture of essential oils of lavender ( Lavandula officinalis ), clary sage ( Salvia sclarea ) and marjoram ( Origanum majorana) in a ratio of 2:1:1 in local application for a randomized clinical study (active principles mentioned: linalyl acetate , linalool , eucalyptol , β-caryophyllene ) [64] , or a mixture of cinnamon EO , clove , rose , true lavender in a base of sweet almond oil [65]
• Rheumatism
• High blood pressure
• Nervous disorders, asthma, digestive spasms, nausea, migraines, extrasystoles
• Inhalation of true lavender EO improves menopausal hot flashes [66]
• Inhaling true lavender essential oil improves emotional symptoms associated with PMS [67]
• Healing of episiotomies: the application of essential oil of fine lavender is more effective than povidone iodine and leads to a reduction in pain [68]
• Acne, eczema, psoriasis, pruritus, burns, ulcers, wounds, bedsores, dermatitis, rosacea
• Recurrent canker sores [69]
• Pediculosis (lice) [70]

Known or suspected mode of action

• Linalool is analgesic (action on muscarinic, opioid and dopaminergic receptors), anti-inflammatory (inhibits edema induced by carrageenan), spasmolytic (by post-synaptic action mediated by cyclic-AMP), inhibits the release of acetylcholine and reduces the opening time of the ion channels of the neuromuscular junction (blocking of Na+ and/or Ca ++ channels), antioxidant (inhibits lipid peroxidation), sedative (even when inhaled), hypnotic, anti-convulsant (by action on glutamate transport), hypothermic, local anesthetic, antiviral against adenoviruses
• Anxiolytic and antidepressant properties modulated by interactions with NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamate receptors and serotonin transporters [71]
• Linalyl acetate (44%) of hydrophilic character, has a profile similar to linalool (31%) and is synergistic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, anti-platelet aggregation
• The linalool - linalyl acetate synergy is essential for anxiolytic activity [29]
• HE sympatholytic

Usual formulations

• Cream indicated in eczema [72]  :
  • HE True lavender Lavandula angustifolia (flowering plant) 1 gram
  • HE Rose Geranium Pelargonium odorantissimum (flowering top) 0.5 gram
  • TM Calendula officinalis 5ml
  • TM Plantago major 5ml
  • Excipient semi-synthetic glycerides qsp 100 grams of hydro-lipid cream
    • Two applications per day. To be sure not to be allergic to any of the natural components of this formula, place a small amount in the bend of the elbow, for a few days before putting it on the places concerned, if no allergic reaction showed up
• Lotion usable in otitis externa [72]  :
  • HE True lavender Lavandula angustifolia (flowering plant) 1 gram
  • TM Calendula officinalis 5ml
  • Glycerin qsp 30 ml
    • 3 drops in the ear, several times a day
• Anti-lice rub for children 3 to 8 years old:
  • HE fine lavender Lavandula angustifolia 0.5 g
  • HE rose geranium Pelargonium x asperum 0.25 g
  • Simmondsia sinensis jojoba oil qsp 60 ml
  • After 8 years, add in the preparation 0.25 g of HE of tea tree ( tea tree ) Melaleuca alternifolia
    • Leave in contact for an hour, repeat the application 4 days in a row
  • Avoid in allergic children (elbow bend tests, see above) and under 3 years of age

Regulations

• French Pharmacopoeia list A (flower, flowering top)
• Activity recognized by the German Commission E

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• Excellent safety, tolerance, reliability
• Avoid during the first three months of pregnancy
• Respect dosages in children, avoid prolonged treatments
• A few cases of prepubertal gynecomastia have been described, due to probable in vitro estrogenic and antiandrogenic properties of the components of essential oils (as endocrine disruptors [73] ), a possible cause of idiopathic prepubertal breast development in young girls and in men. young boy ( linalool , linalyl acetate ) [74] , [75] , [44] , [45] (see discussion in tea tree card )
• Safety Data Sheet Lavender Essential Oil

Bibliographic references

1. Go↑ Lobstein Annelise, Couic-Marinier Françoise, Pharmaceutical News n° 565, April 2017
2. Go↑ Brown SA. Biosynthesis of coumarin and herniarin in lavender. Science. 1962 Sep 21;137(3534):977-8. PMID 13873722
3. Go↑ Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Sharif B. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaf extracts and essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Nov;89(1):67-71. PMID 14522434
4. Go↑ Umezu T, Nagano K, Ito H, Kosakai K, Sakaniwa M, Morita M. Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2006 Dec;85(4):713-21. PMID 17173962
5. Go↑ Gedney JJ, Glover TL, Fillingim RB. Sensory and affective pain discrimination after inhalation of essential oils. Psychosom Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;66(4):599-606. PMID 15272109
6. Go↑ Moss M, Cook J, Wesnes K, Duckett P. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Jan;113(1):15-38. PMID 1269099
7. Go↑ Büyükokuroğlu ME, Gepdiremen A, Hacimüftüoğlu A, Oktay M. The effects of aqueous extract of Lavandula angustifolia flowers in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of cerebellar granular cell culture of rat pups. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jan;84(1):91-4. PMID 12499081
8. Go↑ Larrondo JV, Agut M, Calvo-Torras MA. Antimicrobial activity of essences from labiates. Microbios. 1995;82(332):171-2.
9. Go↑ Roller S, Ernest N, Buckle J. The antimicrobial activity of high-necrodane and other lavender oils on methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA). J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Mar;15(3):275-9. PMID 19249919
10. Go↑ Sonboli A, Babakhani B, Mehrabian AR. Antimicrobial activity of six constituents of essential oil from Salvia. Z Naturforsch C. 2006 Mar-Apr;61(3-4):160-4. PMID 16729570
11. Go↑ Huang MY, Liao MH, Wang YK, Huang YS, Wen HC. Effect of lavender essential oil on LPS-stimulated inflammation. Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(4):845-59. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X12500632. PMID 22809036
12. Go↑ Hawrelak JA, Cattley T, Myers SP. Essential oils in the treatment of intestinal dysbiosis: A preliminary in vitro study. Altern Med Rev. 2009 Dec;14(4):380-4. PMID 20030464
13. Go↑ S. Cassella, John P. Cassella, I. Smith. Synergistic antifungal activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oils against dermatophyte infection. International Journal of Aromatherapy, Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2002, Pages 2-15 [1]
14. Go↑ Lis-Balchin M, Hart S. Studies on the mode of action of the essential oil of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia P. Miller). Phytother Res. 1999 Sep;13(6):540-2. PMID 10479772
15. Go↑ Bradley BF, Brown SL, Chu S, Lea RW. Effects of orally administered lavender essential oil on responses to anxiety-provoking film clips. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2009 Jun;24(4):319-30. doi: 10.1002/hup.1016. PMID 19382124
16. Go↑ Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Dienel A, Schläfke S. Silexan, an orally administered Lavandula oil preparation, is effective in the treatment of 'subsyndromal' anxiety disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Sep;25(5):277-87. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32833b3242. PMID 20512042
17. Go↑ Woelk H, Schläfke S. A multi-center, double-blind, randomized study of the Lavender oil preparation Silexan in comparison to Lorazepam for generalized anxiety disorder. Phytomedicine. 2010 Feb;17(2):94-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.006. PMID 19962288
18. Go↑ Kasper S, Gastpar M, Müller WE, Volz HP, Möller HJ, Dienel A, Schläfke S. Efficacy and safety of silexan, a new, orally administered lavender oil preparation, in subthreshold anxiety disorder - evidence from clinical trials. Vienna Med Wochenschr. 2010 Dec;160(21-22):547-56. doi: 10.1007/s10354-010-0845-7. PMID 21170695
19. Go↑ Huang L, Abuhamdah S, Howes MJ, Dixon CL, Elliot MS, Ballard C, Holmes C, Burns A, Perry EK, Francis PT, Lees G, Chazot PL. Pharmacological profile of essential oils derived from Lavandula angustifolia and Melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;60(11):1515-22. PMID 18957173
20. Go↑ Kritsidima M, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K. The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomized-controlled trial. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;38(1):83-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00511.x. PMID 19968674
21. Go↑ Buchbauer G, Jirovetz L, Jager W, Dietrich H, Plank C. Aromatherapy: evidence for sedative effects of the essential oil of lavender after inhalation. Z Naturforsch [C]. 1991 Nov-Dec;46(11-12):1067-72. PMID 1817516
22. Go↑ Sayorwan W, Siripornpanich V, Piriyapunyaporn T, Hongratanaworakit T, Kotchabhakdi N, Ruangrungsi N. The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012 Apr;95(4):598-606. PMID 22612017
23. Go↑ Sakamoto Y, Ebihara S, Ebihara T, Tomita N, Toba K, Freeman S, Arai H, Kohzuki M. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Jun;60(6):1005-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03977.x. Fall prevention using olfactory stimulation with lavender odor in elderly nursing home residents: a randomized controlled trial. PMID 22646853
24. Go↑ Kumar V. Characterization of anxiolytic and neuropharmacological activities of Silexan. Vienna Med Wochenschr. 2013 Feb;163(3-4):89-94. doi: 10.1007/s10354-012-0164-2. PMID 23361848
25. Go↑ Chioca LR, Ferro MM, Baretta IP, Oliveira SM, Silva CR, Ferreira J, Losso EM, Andreatini R. Anxiolytic-like effect of lavender essential oil inhalation in mice: participation of serotonergic but not GABAA/benzodiazepine neurotransmission. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 May 20;147(2):412-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.028. PMID 23524167 .
26. Go↑ Nicole Stevens, Jeff Dorsett, Alex DaBell, Dennis L. Eggett, Xuesheng Han & Tory L. Parker | Noy Kay (Reviewing Editor) (2017) Subjective assessment of the effects of an herbal supplement containing lavender essential oil on sleep quality: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, Cogent Medicine, 4:1, DOI: 10.1080/ 2331205X.2017.1380871
27. Go↑ Lillehei AS, Halcon LL. A systematic review of the effect of inhaled essential oils on sleep. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Jun;20(6):441-51. doi: 10.1089/acm.2013.0311. PMID 24720812
28. Go↑ Rafii, F., Ameri, F., Haghani, H., & Ghobadi, A. (2020). The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender and chamomile oil on anxiety and sleep quality of patients with burns. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 46(1), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2019.02.017 PMID 31859096
29. ↑Go to :29.0 & 29.1 Takahashi, M., Satou, T., Ohashi, M., Hayashi, S., Sadamoto, K., & Koike, K. (2011). Interspecies comparison of chemical composition and anxiolytic-like effects of lavender oils upon inhalation. Natural product communications, 6(11), 1769–1774. PMID 22224307
30. Go↑ Kuriyama H, Watanabe S, Nakaya T, Shigemori I, Kita M, Yoshida N, Masaki D, Tadai T, Ozasa K, Fukui K, Imanishi J. Immunological and Psychological Benefits of Aromatherapy Massage. Evid Based Complement Alternate Med. 2005 Jun;2(2):179-184. Epub 2005 Apr 27. PMID 15937558
31. Go↑ Gostner JM, Ganzera M, Becker K, Geisler S, Schroecksnadel S, Überall F, Schennach H, Fuchs D. Lavender oil suppresses indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human PBMC. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014, 14:503 (16 December 2014) Full text abstract
32. Go↑ Lin PH, Lin YP, Chen KL, Yang SY, Shih YH, Wang PY. Effect of aromatherapy on autonomic nervous system regulation with treadmill exercise-induced stress among adolescents. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 13;16(4):e0249795. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249795. PMID 33848307 ; PMCID: PMC8043395.
33. Go↑ Shiina Y, Funabashi N, Lee K, Toyoda T, Sekine T, Honjo S, Hasegawa R, Kawata T, Wakatsuki Y, Hayashi S, Murakami S, Koike K, Daimon M, Komuro I. Relaxation effects of lavender aromatherapy improve coronary flow velocity reserve in healthy men evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Int J Cardiol. 2008 Sep 26;129(2):193-7. PMID 17689755
34. Go↑ Yamada K, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y. Effects of inhaling the vapor of Lavandula burnatii super-derived essential oil and linalool on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), catecholamine and gonadotropin levels in experimental menopausal female rats. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Feb;28(2):378-9. PMID 15684505
35. Go↑ Elisabetsky E, Brum LF, Souza DO. Anticonvulsant properties of linalool in glutamate-related seizure models. Phytomedicine. 1999 May;6(2):107-13. PMID 10374249
36. Go↑ Elisabetsky E, Marschner J, Souza DO. Effects of Linalool on glutamatergic system in the rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res. 1995 Apr;20(4):461-5. PMID 7651584
37. ↑Go to :37.0 and 37.1 Silva Brum LF, Emanuelli T, Souza DO, Elisabetsky E. Effects of linalool on glutamate release and uptake in mouse cortical synaptosomes. Neurochem Res. 2001 Mar;26(3):191-4. PMID 11495541
38. Go↑ Denner SS. Lavandula angustifolia Miller: English lavender. Holist Nurs Pract. 2009 Jan-Feb;23(1):57-64. PMID 19104276
39. Go↑ Peana AT, D'Aquila PS, Panin F, Serra G, Pippia P, Moretti MD. Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils. Phytomedicine. 2002 Dec;9(8):721-6. PMID 12587692
40. Go↑ Kwon S, Hsieh YS, Shin YK, Kang P, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate prevents olmesartan-induced intestinal hypermotility mediated by interference of the sympathetic inhibitory pathway in hypertensive rat. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Jun;102:362-368. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.095. PMID 29571021
41. Go↑ Christian Duraffourd, Jean-Claude Lapraz. Treatise on clinical phytotherapy. Endobiology and Medicine. Ed. Masson. Paris, 2002.
42. Go↑ Kim HM, Cho SH. Lavender oil inhibits immediate-type allergic reaction in mice and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Feb;51(2):221-6. PMID 10217323
43. Go↑ Ghelardini C, Galeotti N, Salvatore G, Mazzanti G. Local anesthetic activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia. PlantaMed. 1999 Dec;65(8):700-3. PMID 10630108
44. ↑Go to :44.0 and 44.1 Henley DV, Lipson N, Korach KS, Bloch CA. Prepubertal gynecomastia linked to lavender and tea tree oils. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 1;356(5):479-85. PMID 17267908
45. ↑Go to :45.0 and 45.1 Einav-Bachar R, Phillip M, Aurbach-Klipper Y, Lazar L. Prepubertal gynaecomastia: aetiology, course and outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2004 Jul;61(1):55-60. PMID 15212645
46. Go↑ Farshbaf-Khalili A, Kamalifard M, Namadian M. Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 May;31:132-138. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.02.004. PMID 29705445
47. Go↑ Kang HJ, Nam ES, Lee Y, Kim M. How Strong is the Evidence for the Anxiolytic Efficacy of Lavender?: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci). 2019 Dec;13(5):295-305. doi: 10.1016/j.anr.2019.11.003. PMID 31743795 .
48. Go↑ Donelli D, Antonelli M, Bellinazzi C, Gensini GF, Firenzuoli F. Effects of lavender on anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine. 2019 Sep 26;65:153099. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153099. PMID 31655395
49. Go↑ Jiro Imanishi, Hiroko Kuriyama, Ichiro Shigemori, Satoko Watanabe, Yuka Aihara, Masakazu Kita, Kiyoshi Sawai, Hiroo Nakajima, Noriko Yoshida, Masahiro Kunisawa, Masanori Kawase, Kenji Fukui. Anxiolytic Effect of Aromatherapy Massage in Patients with Breast Cancer. Evid Based Complement Alternate Med. 2009 March; 6(1): 123–128. Full Text
50. Go↑ Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P. A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of Lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Aug;11(4):631-7. PMID 16131287
51. Go↑ Chien LW, Cheng SL, Liu CF. The effect of lavender aromatherapy on autonomic nervous system in midlife women with insomnia. Evid Based Complement Alternate Med. 2012;2012:740813. PMID 21869900 Full text: [2]
52. Go↑ Tsang HW, Ho TY. A systematic review on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy on rodents under experimentally induced anxiety models. Rev Neurosci. 2010; 21(2):141-52. PMID 20614803
53. Go↑ Louis M, Kowalski SD. Use of aromatherapy with hospice patients to decrease pain, anxiety, and depression and to promote an increased sense of well-being. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2002 Nov-Dec;19(6):381-6. PMID 12442972
54. Go↑ Kianpour M, Mansouri A, Mehrabi T, Asghari G. Effect of lavender scent inhalation on prevention of stress, anxiety and depression in the postpartum period. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 Mar-Apr;21(2):197-201. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.178248. PMID 27095995
55. Go↑ Beyliklioğlu A, Arslan S. Effect of Lavender Oil on the Anxiety of Patients Before Breast Surgery. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019 Jun;34(3):587-593. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2018.10.002. PMID 30660371 .
56. Go↑ Ebrahimi H, Mardani A, Basirinezhad MH, Hamidzadeh A, Eskandari F. The effects of Lavender and Chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY). 2021 Jan 9:S1550-8307(21)00001-X. doi: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.12.012. PMID 33454232 .
57. Go↑ Cheong MJ, Kim S, Kim JS, Lee H, Lyu YS, Lee YR, Jeon B, Kang HW. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Mar 5;100(9):e24652. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024652. PMID 33655928 ; PMCID: PMC7939222.
58. Go↑ Hamzeh S, Safari‐Faramani R, Khatony A. (2020). Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7480204 (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)
59. Go↑ Hashemi SH, Hajbagheri A, Aghajani M. The Effect of Massage With Lavender Oil on Restless Leg Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015 Dec;4(4):e29617. doi: 10.17795/nmsjournal29617. PMID 26835466 ; PMCID: PMC4733501.
60. Go↑ Oshvandi K, Mirzajani Letomi F, Soltanian AR, Shamsizadeh M. The effects of foot massage on hemodialysis patients' sleep quality and restless leg syndrome: a comparison of lavender and sweet orange essential oil topical application. J Complement Integr Med. 2021 Apr 12. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0121. PMID 33838094 .
61. Go↑ Mohammadpourhodki R, Sadeghnezhad H, Ebrahimi H, Basirinezhad MH, Maleki M, Bossola M. The Effect of Aromatherapy Massage With Lavender and Citrus Aurantium Essential Oil on Quality of Life of Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial Study. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Mar;61(3):456-463.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.032. PMID 32889038 .
62. Go↑ Bakhtshirin F, Abedi S, YusefiZoj P, Razmjooee D. The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender oil on severity of primary dysmenorrhea in Arsanjan students. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2015 Jan-Feb;20(1):156-60. PMID 25709705
63. Go↑ Han SH, Hur MH, Buckle J, Choi J, Lee MS. Effect of aromatherapy on symptoms of dysmenorrhea in college students: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(6):535-41. PMID 16884344
64. Go↑ Or MC, Hsu TF, Lai AC, Lin YT, Lin CC. Pain relief assessment by aromatic essential oil massage on outpatients with primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 May;38(5):817-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01802.x. PMID 22435409
65. Go↑ Marzouk TM, El-Nemer AM, Baraka HN. The effect of aromatherapy abdominal massage on alleviating menstrual pain in nursing students: a prospective randomized cross-over study. Evid Based Complement Alternate Med. 2013;2013:742421. doi: 10.1155/2013/742421. PMID 23662151
66. Go↑ Kazemzadeh R, Nikjou R, Rostamnegad M, Norouzi H. Effect of lavender aromatherapy on menopause hot flushing: A crossover randomized clinical trial. J Chin Med Assoc. 2016 Sep;79(9):489-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2016.01.020. PMID 27388435
67. Go↑ Matsumoto, T., Asakura, H., & Hayashi, T. (2013). Does lavender aromatherapy alleviate premenstrual emotional symptoms?: a randomized crossover trial. BioPsychoSocial medicine, 7, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-7-12 . PMID 23724853
68. Go↑ Vakilian K, Atarha M, Bekhradi R, Chaman R. Healing advantages of lavender essential oil during episiotomy recovery: a clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2011 Feb;17(1):50-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.006. PMID 21168115
69. Go↑ Altai DT (2012). Topical lavender oil for the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulceration. American journal of dentistry, 25(1), 39–43. PMID 22558691
70. Go↑ Gonzalez Audino P, Vassena C, Zerba E, Picollo M. Effectiveness of lotions based on essential oils from aromatic plants against permethrin resistant Pediculus humanus capitis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 Oct;299(8):389-92. PMID 17647002
71. Go↑ López V, Nielsen B, Solas M, Ramírez MJ, Jäger AK. Exploring Pharmacological Mechanisms of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil on Central Nervous System Targets. Front Pharmacol. 2017 May 19;8:280. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00280. eCollection 2017. PMID 28579958
72. ↑Go to :72.0 and 72.1 Morel Jean-Michel. Practical treatise on phytotherapy. Ed. Grancher, 2008.
73. Go↑ Hall JM, Greco CW. Disruption of Nuclear Hormone Receptors by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Mechanisms and Pathological Consequences of Exposure. Cells. 2019 Dec 19;9(1). pii: E13. doi: 10.3390/cells9010013. PMID 31861598
74. Go↑ Ramsey JT, Li Y, Arao Y, Naidu A, Coons LA, Diaz A, Korach KS. Lavender Products Associated With Premature Thelarche and Prepubertal Gynecomastia: Case Reports and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Activities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Nov 1;104(11):5393-5405. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01880. PMID 31393563
75. Go↑ Diaz A, Luque L, Badar Z, Kornic S, Danon M. Prepubertal gynecomastia and chronic lavender exposure: report of three cases. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jan;29(1):103-7. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0248. PMID 26353172

• Cavanagh HM, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil (review). Phytother Res. 2002 Jun;16(4):301-8. PMID 12112282
• Celik S, Ozkaya A. Effects of intraperitoneally administered lipoic acid, vitamin E, and linalool on the level of total lipid and fatty acids in guinea pig brain with oxidative stress induced by H2O2. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Nov 30;35(6):547-52. PMID 12470587
• Re L, Barocci S, Sonnino S, Mencarelli A, Vivani C, Paolucci G, Scarpantonio A, Rinaldi L, Mosca E. Linalool modifies the nicotinic receptor-ion channel kinetics at the mouse neuromuscular junction. Pharmacol Res. 2000 Aug;42(2):177-82. [5]
• Chiang LC, Ng LT, Cheng PW, Chiang W, Lin CC. Antiviral activities of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2005 Oct;32(10):811-6.
• Evandri MG, Battinelli L, Daniele C, Mastrangelo S, Bolle P, Mazzanti G. The antimutagenic activity of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) essential oil in the bacterial reverse mutation assay. Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Sep;43(9):1381-7. PMID 1590735 . Full text: http://www.aromatherapy.ir/article/Aroma%2030.pdf
• Setzer WN. Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy. Nat Prod Common. 2009 Sep; 4(9):1305-16. PMID 19831048
• Lewith GT, Godfrey AD, Prescott P. A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of Lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia. J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Aug;11(4):631-7. PMID 16131287

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep tightly closed, away from the reach of Children and pets.

Do not exceed the daily dose.

This product is not intended to prevent or cure any form of illness or disease.
 

If you are pregnant or nursing ; If you have a medical condition or are in the course of medical treatment ; If you are programmed for theater/operation in the near future, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.

This product cannot replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

This product has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use.

For More Information please check our General Safety Herbal products Page