Panax Japonicus, also known as Japanese ginseng, is a plant species in the Panax (ginseng) family native to Japan and some parts of Korea and China. 

It has been traditionally used in Asian medicine for its various health benefits. 

The root of Panax Japonicus is often dried and ground into a powder, which can be consumed as a supplement or used as an ingredient in traditional medicine.

Here are some potential benefits and properties of Panax Japonicus powder:

1. Adaptogenic properties: Like other ginseng species, Panax Japonicus is considered an adaptogen. Adaptogens are substances that help the body adapt to stress and resist fatigue, both physically and mentally.
2. Immune system support: Panax Japonicus may help improve the function of the immune system, potentially reducing the risk of illness and infections.
3. Antioxidant effects: The powder may contain antioxidant compounds that help protect the body against damage caused by free radicals, which can contribute to aging and the development of various diseases.
4. Cognitive function: Some studies suggest that Panax Japonicus could improve cognitive function and memory, potentially helping to reduce the effects of age-related cognitive decline.
5. Anti-inflammatory properties: The powder may have anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of inflammatory conditions.
6. Energy and stamina: Panax Japonicus has been traditionally used to boost energy levels and increase stamina, making it a popular supplement for athletes and those seeking to improve physical performance.
7. Stress relief and mood support: The adaptogenic properties of Panax Japonicus may help the body cope with stress more effectively, potentially leading to improved mood and mental well-being.
8. Blood sugar regulation: Some evidence suggests that Panax Japonicus may help regulate blood sugar levels, which could be beneficial for those with diabetes or at risk of developing the condition.

It's important to note that research on the benefits and properties of Panax Japonicus is still limited. Before starting any new supplement or treatment, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss potential risks and interactions with medications or other supplements you may be taking.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Garcinia

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

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plant name

Garcinia, Cambogia , Malabar tamarind , or guttier

International Latin denomination

Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N.Robson, Garcinia cambogia Desr., Cambogia gummi-gutta L., Mangostana cambogia Gaertn. [1] , Garcinia cambodia

botanical family

Clusiaceae

Description and habitat

• Shrubby plant from Southeast Asia, simple and opposite leaves, shiny dark green, yellow fruit, red when ripe, with 6 to 8 furrows, which looks like a very small pumpkin (approximately 5 cm in diameter)

History and tradition

• Garcinia mangostana is Mangosteen , whose pulp is used as a substitute for butter
  • Garcinia mangostana is a powerful antioxidant and the fruit has protective properties against colon cancer [2] , opposes steatosis induced by a high-fat diet [3] and anticancer by its xanthones [4 ] , [5]
• Garcinia morella and Garcinia hanburgi provide Gamboge , a violent purgative which is no longer used and coloring matter for paints

Parts used

• fruit pericarp

Dosage forms available

• Dry extract, drink, chewing gum, tablet

Usual dosages

• 2 capsules dosed at 400 mg of dry extract, 1/2 hour before meals

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Fruit acid: hydroxycitric acid (30%)

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

Properties

Plant properties

• Regulating agent of obesity [6]
  • Hydroxycitric acid would act on lipid metabolism, inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates and lipids, and the transformation of sugars into fat, would induce weight loss [7] , with good job security [8]
• Decreases fatty acid synthesis, increases lipid oxidation
• Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory [9]
• Protection against metabolic syndrome, renal protection against oxidative stress [10]
• Antidiabetic, protection against hepatic toxicity induced by hyperglycemia in rats, by decreasing the inflammatory response [11]
• Hypocholesterolemic [12]
• Decrease appetite
• Immunomodulating [13]
• The gambogic acid present in various Garcinia possesses a synergistic effect with docetaxel on apoptosis, in gastric and colon cancers [14]

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

Directions

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Obesity, but studies are disappointing [15] , [16]
• Adjuvant to hypocaloric diets
• Diabetes
• Hypercholesterolemia

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

Known or suspected mode of action

• Hydroxycitric acid is a “fruit acid” derived from citric acid
• It would block the transformation of preadipocytes into adipocytes [17]
• Hydroxycitric acid inhibits the enzyme ATP-dependent citrate lyase, which catalyzes the cleavage of citric acid into oxaloacetic acid and acetyl-CoA [18]
  • The fruit of Garcinia cambogia contains calcium hydroxycitrate and hydroxycitric acid , The hypothesis of a possible anti-cancer effect results from the selective inhibition of citrate lyase, which would block the production of citric acid and the functioning of the Krebs cycle of tumor cells

Usual formulations

Regulations

• Garcinia cambogia is prohibited in weight-loss preparations made in pharmacies (ANSM press release of May 10, 2012). The decision published in the Official Journal (OJ) of June 10, 2012, extends the ban to homeopathic preparations, prescription and import
• The gum-resin of guttier ( Garcinia cambogia ) appears in the Belgian royal decree of March 19, 2012 (modifying the royal decree of August 29, 1997) relating to foodstuffs containing plants.
• In the EFSA Compendium, the whole plant ( Garcinia gummi-gutta ) is concerned to have a negative impact on health due to the presence of HCA or hydroxy-citric acid

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• Good safety of use up to a dose of 3000 mg/day of extract [19]
• High dose testicular toxicity [20]
• Liver toxicity (risk of fulminant hepatitis at high doses) [21]
• Rhabdomyolysis has been described following the consumption of American products based on Garcinia cambogia , the exact composition of which was not known.

Bibliographic references

1. Go↑ GRIN Taxonomy for Plants
2. Go↑ Aisha AF, Abu-Salah KM, Ismail Z, Abdul Majid A. In vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer effects of Garcinia mangostana xanthones extract. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:104 (20 July 2012) Abstract , full text
3. Go↑ Tsai SY, Chung PC, Owaga EE, Tsai IJ, Wang PY, Tsai JI, Yeh TS, Hsieh RH. Alpha-mangostin from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) pericarp extract reduces high fat-diet induced hepatic steatosis in rats by regulating mitochondria function and apoptosis. Nutr Metab (London). 2016 Dec 1;13:88. eCollection 2016. PMID 27980597
4. Go↑ Yukihiro Akao, Yoshihito Nakagawa, Munekazu Iinuma, Yoshinori Nozawa. Anti-Cancer Effects of Xanthones from Pericarps of Mangosteen. Int J Mol Sci. 2008 March; 9(3): 355–370. Published online 2008 March 14. PMCID: PMC2635669 full text
5. Go↑ Shibata MA, Iinuma M, Morimoto J, Kurose H, Akamatsu K, Okuno Y, Akao Y, Otsuki Y. α-Mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn) reduces tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in an immunocompetent xenograft model of metastatic mammary cancer carrying a p53 mutation. BMC Med. 2011 Jun 3;9:69. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-69. Full Text
6. Go↑ R. Revathi, R. Ravi, VS Saravanan, T. Ethiraj, T. Sudhamani. Isolation and characterization of (-) hydroxy citric acid from Garcinia cambogia fruit extract. International journal of pharmaceutical research and development, September 2010, Volume 2, Issue 7 [1]
7. Go↑ Shara M, Ohia SE, Yasmin T, Zardetto-Smith A, Kincaid A, Bagchi M, Chatterjee A, Bagchi D, Stohs SJ. Dose- and time-dependent effects of a novel (-)-hydroxycitric acid extract on body weight, hepatic and testicular lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and histopathological data over a period of 90 days. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003 Dec;254(1-2):339-46. PMID 14674714
8. Go↑ Preuss HG, Rao CV, Garis R, Bramble JD, Ohia SE, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management. J Med. 2004;35(1-6):33-48. PMID 18084863
9. Go↑ Xie Z, Sintara M, Chang T, Ou B. Daily consumption of a mangosteen-based drink improves in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Science & Nutrition. 2015;3(4):342-348. doi:10.1002/fsn3.225. Full Text
10. Go↑ Amin KA, Kamel HH, Abd Eltawab MA. Protective effect of Garcinia against renal oxidative stress and biomarkers induced by high fat and sucrose diet. Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Jan 14;10:6. PMID 21235803 Full text: [2]
11. Go↑ Ayepola OR, Chegou NN, Brooks NL, Oguntibeju OO. Kolaviron, a Garcinia biflavonoid complex ameliorates hyperglycemia-mediated hepatic injury in rats via suppression of inflammatory responses. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013, 13:363 (20 December 2013) abstract full text
12. Go↑ Sarah Koshy, Asha & Anila, L & Vijayalakshmi, Narayana. (2001). Flavonoids from Garcinia cambogia lower lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Chemistry. 72. 289-294. 10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00225-9.
13. Go↑ Tang YP, Li PG, Kondo M, Ji HP, Kou Y, Ou B. Effect of a mangosteen dietary supplement on human immune function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Food. 2009 Aug;12(4):755-63. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0204. PMID 19697997
14. Go↑ Zou Z, Xie L, Wei J, Yu L, Qian X, Chen J, Wang T, Liu B. Synergistic anti-proliferative effects of gambogic acid with docetaxel in gastrointestinal cancer cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:58 (30 April 2012) abstract [3] , Full text: [4]
15. Go↑ Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, Pietrobelli A, Greenfield D, Nunez C. Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998 Nov 11;280(18):1596-600. PMID 9820262
16. Go↑ Vasques CA, Rossetto S, Halmenschlager G, Linden R, Heckler E, Fernandez MS, Alonso JL. Evaluation of the pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of Garcinia cambogia plus Amorphophallus konjac for the treatment of obesity. Phytother Res. 2008 Sep;22(9):1135-40. PMID 18729243
17. Go↑ Chaumont JP, Millet-Clerc J. Phyto-aromatherapy applied to dermatology. Tec & Doc Lavoisier, 2011
18. Go↑ Márquez F, Babio N, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid or Garcinia cambogia extracts in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(7):585-94. PMID 22530711
19. Go↑ Yuri Ishii, Izuru Kaneko, Manzhen Shen, Kohsuke Hayamizu, Norihiro Shigematsu, Hironori Tomi, Gen Yoshino, Hiroyuki Shimasaki. Safety of Garcinia cambogia Extract in Healthy Volunteers: High-Dose Administration Study IIJournal of Oleo Science, Vol. 52 (2003), No. 12 663-671. [5]
20. Go↑ Saito M, Ueno M, Ogino S, Kubo K, Nagata J, Takeuchi M. High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, but highly toxic to the testis.Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Mar;43(3):411-9. PMID 15680676
21. Go↑ Lunsford KE, Bodzin AS, Reino DC, Wang HL, Busuttil RW. Dangerous dietary supplements: Garcinia cambogia-associated hepatic failure requiring transplantation. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Dec 7;22(45):10071-10076. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.10071. PMID 28018115

• Mahnaz Kazemipoor, Che Wan Jasimah Wan Mohamed Radzi, Geoffrey A. Cordell, Iman Yaze. Potential of Traditional Medicinal Plants for Treating Obesity: A Review. 2012 International Conference on Nutrition and Food Sciences IPCBEE vol. 39 (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore [6]
• Decision of April 12, 2012, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, JORF June 10, 2012;
• ANSM press release, 10 May 2012

Store in a cool, dry place, away from light. Keep tightly closed, away from the reach of Children and pets.

Do not exceed the daily dose.

This product is not intended to prevent or cure any form of illness or disease.
 

If you are pregnant or nursing ; If you have a medical condition or are in the course of medical treatment ; If you are programmed for theater/operation in the near future, please consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product.

This product cannot replace a varied and balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle.

This product has not been evaluated by the SAHPRA for its quality, safety or intended use.

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