Dried ginger pieces are derived from the rhizome (underground stem) of the Zingiber officinale plant. They are known for their distinct flavor, aroma, and various health benefits. Here are some properties, benefits, and ways to use dried ginger pieces:

Properties:

1. Flavor: Dried ginger pieces have a warm, spicy, and slightly sweet flavor that makes them a popular ingredient in cooking and baking.
2. Aroma: The unique aroma of dried ginger can be attributed to its volatile oils, which also possess medicinal properties.
3. Chemical constituents: Ginger contains several bioactive compounds, such as gingerols, shogaols, and zingerone, that contribute to its therapeutic effects.

Benefits:

1. Digestive health: Ginger is known to alleviate gastrointestinal issues like indigestion, bloating, and nausea, making it a popular remedy for morning sickness during pregnancy.
2. Anti-inflammatory: Ginger's anti-inflammatory properties can help reduce inflammation and manage conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and soreness.
3. Immune support: Ginger may boost the immune system due to its antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties.
4. Cardiovascular health: Ginger may help lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and prevent blood clotting, thereby supporting heart health.
5. Blood sugar regulation: Some studies suggest that ginger can improve blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity in people with diabetes.

How to use dried ginger pieces:

1. Culinary uses: Add dried ginger pieces to dishes like curries, stews, soups, stir-fries, and marinades for a spicy, warming flavor. You can also use it in baking recipes like gingerbread cookies, cakes, and breads.
2. Tea: To make ginger tea, steep dried ginger pieces in hot water for 5-10 minutes. Strain, add honey or lemon if desired, and enjoy.
3. Smoothies: Incorporate dried ginger pieces into your smoothies for an extra kick and added health benefits.
4. Spice blend: Combine dried ginger pieces with other spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves to create your own custom spice blend.
5. Potpourri: Use dried ginger pieces in a potpourri mix to add a pleasant aroma to your home.

Always start with a small amount of dried ginger to assess your tolerance, as it can be quite potent. If you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have any medical conditions, consult with a healthcare professional before using ginger as a supplement.

Source : http://www.wikiphyto.org/wiki/Ginger

Reference on http://www.wikiphyto.org

Translation in English by Google Translate  (go to the page of the source linked | on Chrome cellphones go on the 3 dots on the top right and select translate in your preferred language | on laptop right click your mouse and select option translate when hoovering on the page

plant name

Ginger

International Latin denomination

Zingiber officinale Roscoe

botanical family

Zingiberaceae

Description and habitat

• Tall, reed-like, perennial tropical herb with linear lanceolate leaves, native to Asia
• Long stem with dense inflorescence, white or yellow flowers surrounded by bracts
• Rhizomatous strain bearing eyes that give rise to buds
• India (West), Benin
  • Ginger is found in all tropical areas

History and tradition

• Prized since ancient times
• It was thought in the Middle Ages that it came from the Garden of Eden
• Cultivated as a spice and condiment in all tropical countries, Jamaica, India, China, West Indies, Australia, etc.
• Part of the Fioravanti alcoholate
• Enters into the composition of certain beers (ginger-ale)
• The botanical name Zingiber comes from the Sanskrit word shringavera , which means “shaped like deer antlers”, referring to the shape of the young shoots emerging from its rhizome [1]

Parts used

• Rhizomes (which are shaped like a hand), essential oil

Dosage forms available

• Underground Part Tincture
• Rhizome powder
• Essential oil

Usual dosages

• Motion sickness: rhizome powder 750 mg before leaving on a trip
• Mild gastrointestinal disorders, spasms, bloating, flatulence: 180 mg three times daily [2]
• Need for quality control and standardization of ginger food supplements, with quantitative analysis of gingerols and shogaols [3]

Composition

Main components of the plant

• Essential oil (2.5 to 3%):
  • Sesquiterpenes and derivatives: ginger (30%), ar-curcumen (2-5%), beta-bisabolene (3-6%), gammabisabolene , alpha-farnesene (4-5%), ginger , beta-sesquiphellandrene (10%) )
  • Monoterpenes and derivatives: camphene , geranial , neral , linalool , citronellal
• Arylalkanes  : gingerols , shogaols ( vanilloids ), paradols , gingerenones A and B ( galanolactone in Chinese variety)
• Gingersulfonic acid , pipecolic acid , cinnamic acid , glycerols
• Starch (50%), sugars, lipids (3 to 8%)
• Vitamin A and vitamin B (niacin)

Main components of buds or young shoots

Main components of essential oil

• Sesquiterpenes : ginger (30%), ar-curcumin (2-5%), beta-bisabolene (3-6%), gammabisabolene , alpha-farnesene (4-5%), ginger , beta-sesquiphellandrene (10%)
• Monoterpenes  : camphene , geranial , neral , linalool , citronellal , etc.
• Arylalkanes  : gingerols , shogaols , paradols , gingerenones A and B ( galanolactone in Chinese variety)
• Gingersulfonic acid , pipecolic acid , cinnamic acid , glycerols

Properties

Plant properties

• Stomachic, digestive, tonic, increases salivary flow and intestinal peristalsis [4] , anti-ulcer
• Anti-nausea, powerful anti-emetic [5] , [6] , [7] , superior to placebo and as effective as metoclopramide in postoperative nausea and vomiting [8] , or induced by chemotherapy [9] at the dose of 2 grams ( shogaols and gingerols ) action on D2 and 5HT3 receptors
• Gastric protector [10] , in vitro action on Helicobacter pylori [11]
• Hepatoprotector [12]
• Anti-inflammatory [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , presumably by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes ( gingerols and gingerenones ) [18]
• Especially muscular analgesic [19] , antirheumatic
• Antioxidant ( curcumin , gingerol ), contains shogaols and paradol , among the most powerful anti-free radicals
• Immunostimulant [20], [21]
• DNA Protection [22]
• Reputed to be an aphrodisiac, increases sperm count and motility [23]
• Antidiabetic [24] by inhibition of alpha-glucosidase [25]
• Hypolipidémiant [26], hypocholestérolémiant, anti-thrombotique
• Cardiac tonic ( gingerol ) [27] , [28] , antimigraine [29]
• Antiviral against respiratory syncytial virus RSV (fresh ginger) [30] , rhinoviruses ( sesquiterpenes ) [31] , avian influenza [32] , chikungunya virus [33]
  • In vitro antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus (HCV) [34]
  • Beta-sesquiphellandrene is antiviral (rhinovirus), antibacterial, antifungal
• Molluscicide, antischistozomiasis and bilharziasis by shogaols and gingerols
• Antimutagen ( gingerol and zingerone )
• Inhibits the growth and modulates the secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells, in hepatoma cells (HepG2) [35] . Ginger supplements have a particular interest in the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer ( 6-gingerol and especially 6-shogaol ) [36]
• Renal protection against cisplatin toxicity [37]
• Tonic and cholesterol-lowering properties
• Antibacterial action against Bacillus subtilis , Bacillus anthracis , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella tiphi , Escherichia coli [38] and Proteus mirabilis
• Antiviral activity against Herpes virus [39] , and influenza virus [40]
• The presence of ginger in a formulation improves its bioavailability [41]

Bud properties

Properties of essential oil

• Analgesic and anti-inflammatory [42] , [43] , [44] , topical anti-inflammatory [45]
• Antifungal [46]
• Immunostimulant, opposes immunosuppression [47]
• Digestive tonic, stomachic, slightly laxative, carminative, appetizer, anti-nausea [48]
• Anti-ulcer (synergy of a moiety containing alpha-zingiberene , beta-sesquiphellandrene , bisabolene , and curcumene ) [49]
• Sexual tonic, aphrodisiac
• A sedative without anxiolytic activity, high doses of ginger essential oil in mice induce behavioral and memory alterations due to antagonistic activity on the central muscarinic cholinergic system [50]
• Antispasmodique, antitussive et expectorante

Indications

Indications of the whole plant (phytotherapy)

• Gastritis, dyspepsia, lack of appetite, motion sickness
• Nausea from chemotherapy [51] , [52]
• Nausea of ​​pregnancy [53] , [54] , [55]
• stomach ulcers
• Metabolic syndrome [56]
• Obesity [57]
• Migraines, chronic rheumatic pains
• Dysmenorrhea [58]
• Ovarian cancer

Indications of the bud (gemmotherapy)

Specific indications of essential oil (aromatherapy)

• Aerophagia, flatulence, meteorism, constipation, nausea, anorexia, inappetence
  • The essential oil appears to be effective in post-operative nausea [59] , but the evidence for the efficacy of inhalation of ginger EO in nausea due to chemotherapy is not sufficiently convincing [60] , [ 61]
• Arthritis, osteoarthritis, local rheumatism (knees) [62] , muscle fatigue, low back pain (in massage) [63] , muscle and joint pain
• Cerebral asthenia and lack of sensitivity
• Alopecia, male impotence, frigidity
• Cough, bronchitis, sinusitis, chronic catarrh

Known or suspected mode of action

• Inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis

Usual formulations

Regulations

• French Pharmacopoeia list A (rhizome)

Possible side effects and precautions for use

• The official recommendations are to avoid it in pregnant women (very often used nevertheless in the nausea of ​​pregnancy)
  • According to the EMA, there appears to be no malformative or foeto/neonatal toxicity of ginger root, animal studies are insufficient with respect to reproductive toxicity, so as a precautionary measure it is best to avoid use during pregnancy and lactation [2]
• Non-toxic, non-mutagenic, safe in pregnancy according to Iranian studies [64]
• Avoid in case of cholelithiasis
• Recommended in case of adverse effects of conventional anti-nausea [65]
• Pharmacokinetic interactions:
  • Moderate induction of CYP 3A4, 2C19, 2D6, 1A2, and P-gP
  • Few drug interactions [66]
• Pharmacodynamic interactions:
  • Potential interactions with anticoagulants (risk of bleeding due to inhibition of platelet aggregation) [67] , [68]
  • Inhibition of platelet aggregation by inhibition of thromboxane synthase ( in vitro ) [69]
    • Nevertheless, ginger did not exert an antithrombotic effect on humans in vivo during a study where 18 healthy subjects consumed 15 g of raw ginger root, 40 g of cooked ginger or a placebo daily for three times two weeks [70]
    • On the other hand, in another study, ginger acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, but only in subjects who consumed 100 g of butter for 7 days [71].
  • Risk of interactions with warfarin [72]
  • Inhibition of the effect of ranitidine due to mucoadhesive properties of Curcuma longa and curcumin extracts [73]
• Essential oil :
  • Possible allergic-type sensitization
  • Skin irritation (dermocaustic) possible from pure essential oil
• Ginger is used in the composition of Soshiho-tang, a preparation of traditional Chinese or Japanese medicine plants with good tolerance (with Bupleurum falcatum , Pinellia ternate , Scutellaria baicalensis , Zizyphus jujuba , Panax ginseng , Glycyrrhiza uralensis , Zingiber officinale ) [74 ]

Bibliographic references

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